Calcium

Question 1

PTH mechanisms for Hypercalcemia?

Answer 1

increase release from bones, in Ca uptake in intestine, increase Ca reabsorption in kidneys/calcitonin is opposite

Question 2

corrected calcium?

Answer 2

every decrease in 1 of albumin, increase or total calcium by .8

Question 3

Hypercalcemia EKG findings?

Answer 3

shortened QT

Question 4

Common causes of hypocalcemia?

Answer 4

thyroid surgery, hypomagnasemia, pancreatitis, vit D deficiency, hyperphosphatemia

Question 5

Milk alkali syndrome triad? causes?

Answer 5

hypercalcemia, alkalosis, AKI/Calcium supplements and HCTZ

Question 6

symptoms of hypocalcemia?

Answer 6

parasthesias, muscle cramping, laryngo or bronchospasm

Question 7

tx for hypercalcemia acutely?

Answer 7

calcitonin and fluids

Question 8

problem with calcitonin usage?

Answer 8

tachyphylaxis

Question 9

when do bisphosphinates work for hypercalcemia?

Answer 9

start to work 24-48 hours

Question 10

when to use steroids for hypercalcemia?

Answer 10

lymphoma, sarcoidosis, granuloma

Question 11

how does hypomagnesium lead to hypocalcemia?

Answer 11

PTH resistance

Question 12

mechanisms of malignancy related hypercalcemia?

Answer 12

PTHrp is MC, osteolysis from bony mets, ectopic PTH, calcitriol by lymphoma

Question 13

EKG findings hypocalcemia

Answer 13

prolonged QT

Question 14

how does hypocalcemia occur in blood transfusion?

Answer 14

chelation of calcium ions by citrate in blood

Question 15

symptoms of hypocalcemia?

Answer 15

perioral numbness, twitching, tetany, carpopedal spasm