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DMST 295 Abdomen 2 > Socrative Final Review > Flashcards

Socrative Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following sonographic features of a breast mass is considered more benign?

  1. Thick echogenic rim
  2. Well-defined boarder
  3. Taller than wide
  4. Speculations
A

Well defined boarders

The others are more associated with malignant boarders

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2
Q

Which of the following breast zones contains the terminal duct all units?

  1. Mammary
  2. Subcutaneous
  3. Retromammary
  4. Pectoralis Muscle
A

Mammary

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3
Q

Which of the following would most likely present as micro calcifications within a solid breast mass?

  1. Fat necrosis
  2. Fibrocystic change
  3. Ducal carcinoma in Situ
  4. Lobular carcinoma in Situ
A

Ductal carcinoma in Situ

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4
Q

Breast masses worrisome for malignancy are often larger in which dimension?

  1. AP
  2. Width
  3. Length
  4. Sagittal
A

AP

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5
Q

Left breast ultrasound on a 65 year old female shows a hypoechoic mass in the UOQ with angular margins, microcalcifcations, and posterior shadowing. The mass is non-mobile and demonstrates central vascularity. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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6
Q

Which of the following breast structures is most hypoechoic?

  1. Fibroglandular tissue
  2. Cooper’s ligaments
  3. Fat lobules
  4. Skin
A

Fat Lobules

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7
Q

Which of the following statements describes gynecomastia?

  1. Male breast malignancy
  2. Male breast enlargement
  3. Appears hyperechoic on ultrasound
  4. Increases the risk for developing breast cancer
A

Male breast enlargement

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of fat necrosis in the breast?

A

Trauma

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9
Q

Galactoceles are most commonly seen in what type of patient?

A

Lactating

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10
Q

Which arm position is beset to examine the subscapularis tendon?

A

External rotation

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11
Q

Which of the following is an indirect (secondary) finding for a rotator cuff tear?

  1. Geyser sign
  2. Hypoechoic defect
  3. Fluid filled defect
  4. Focal thinning of the tendon
A

Geyser sign

Everything is direct signs

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12
Q

Which of the following tendons inserts onto the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?

  1. Biceps
  2. Subscapularis
  3. Supraspinatus
  4. Infraspinatus
A

Subscapularis

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13
Q

Where are ganglion cysts most commonly identified?

A

Hands and wrists

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14
Q

When trying to identify the median nerve, which of the following landmarks can be used to assist?

  1. Ulnar artery
  2. Radius bone
  3. Flexor retinaculum ligament
  4. Flexor tendon of the 5th finger
A

Ulnar artery

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15
Q

Which of the following statements best describes anisotropy?

  1. Increased tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation
  2. Decreased tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation
  3. Increased tendon echogenicity due to pathology
  4. Decreased tendon echogenicity due to pathology
A
  1. Decreased Tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation
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16
Q

Which of the following statements regarding tendinitis is false?

  1. Often sport related
  2. Can be focal of diffuse
  3. Results in tendon thickening
  4. Results in decreased blood flow
A

Results in decreased blood flow

17
Q

The patellar tendon extends from the base of the patella to the tibial tuberosity? T/F

A

False

Apex of the tendon to the tuberosity

18
Q

Which of the following statements regarding scanning the Achilles tendon is false?

  1. The patient is prone
  2. The foot hangs off the end of the bed
  3. A high frequency linear transducer is used
  4. The patient can plantarflex to straighten the tendon
A

The patient can plantarflex to straighten the tendon

The patient needs to dorsiflex

19
Q

A 69 year old male presents with bilateral testicular enlargement. The requisition also notes painless enlargement of the nodes in the neck and axillary. During the exam, the sonographer notes large, hypoechoic, hyperemic masses that are diffusely involving both testes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  1. Seminoma
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Sorti cell tumor
  4. Epididymo- ORchitis
A

Lymphoma

The patient is well past the age for a seminoma

20
Q

Which of the following is most commonly associated with a history of cryptorchidism?

  1. Cysts
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic Orchitis
  4. Abscess formation
A

Cancer

21
Q

A 17 year old male presents with a sudden onset of extreme left testicular pain. Beyond the standard 2D and measurements, what else must the sonographer do?

A

Exam the testicles with colour and pulsed wave doppler

22
Q

Which of the following is an example of a non-germ cell tumor?

  1. Seminoma
  2. Choriocarcinoma
  3. Leydig cell tumour
  4. Embryonal cell tumor
A

Leydig cell tumour

23
Q

What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in the adult male?

A

Epididymitis

24
Q

What is commonly seen in patients post-vasectomy?

A

Tubular ectasia

25
Q

Where do primary thyroid cancers most frequently metastasize?

A

Lymphatic system

26
Q

Which of the following structures is located most posterior to the thyroid?

A

Longus colli muscle

27
Q

Which is the rarest form of primary thyroid carcinoma?

  1. Papillary
  2. Follicular
  3. Medullary
  4. Anaplastic
A

Anaplastic

28
Q

Which of the following characteristics of a thyroid nodule would be most worrisome for malignancy?

  1. Incomplete halo
  2. Comet trail artifact
  3. Hyperechoic mass
  4. Eggshell calcifcation
A

Incomplete halo

smooth, thin, complete are benign

29
Q

Where would a thyroglossal duct cyst be identified?

A

Superior to the isthmus

30
Q

A 35 year old females lab work shows increased T3 and T4, and the presence of thyroid antibodies. Ultrasound examination demonstrates a diffusely enlarged, hyper vascular thyroid gland. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Graves diseases

Hashimoto’s is Hypothyroidism and Graves is Hyperthyroidism

31
Q

Which salivary gland is most often affected by sialolithiasis?

A

Submandibular

32
Q

What is the echogenicity of the normal parathyroid compared to the thyroid gland?

A

Isoechoic

DMST 295 Abdomen 2 (8 decks)

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