Socrative Final Review Flashcards
Which of the following sonographic features of a breast mass is considered more benign?
- Thick echogenic rim
- Well-defined boarder
- Taller than wide
- Speculations
Well defined boarders
The others are more associated with malignant boarders
Which of the following breast zones contains the terminal duct all units?
- Mammary
- Subcutaneous
- Retromammary
- Pectoralis Muscle
Mammary
Which of the following would most likely present as micro calcifications within a solid breast mass?
- Fat necrosis
- Fibrocystic change
- Ducal carcinoma in Situ
- Lobular carcinoma in Situ
Ductal carcinoma in Situ
Breast masses worrisome for malignancy are often larger in which dimension?
- AP
- Width
- Length
- Sagittal
AP
Left breast ultrasound on a 65 year old female shows a hypoechoic mass in the UOQ with angular margins, microcalcifcations, and posterior shadowing. The mass is non-mobile and demonstrates central vascularity. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Which of the following breast structures is most hypoechoic?
- Fibroglandular tissue
- Cooper’s ligaments
- Fat lobules
- Skin
Fat Lobules
Which of the following statements describes gynecomastia?
- Male breast malignancy
- Male breast enlargement
- Appears hyperechoic on ultrasound
- Increases the risk for developing breast cancer
Male breast enlargement
What is the most common cause of fat necrosis in the breast?
Trauma
Galactoceles are most commonly seen in what type of patient?
Lactating
Which arm position is beset to examine the subscapularis tendon?
External rotation
Which of the following is an indirect (secondary) finding for a rotator cuff tear?
- Geyser sign
- Hypoechoic defect
- Fluid filled defect
- Focal thinning of the tendon
Geyser sign
Everything is direct signs
Which of the following tendons inserts onto the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?
- Biceps
- Subscapularis
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Where are ganglion cysts most commonly identified?
Hands and wrists
When trying to identify the median nerve, which of the following landmarks can be used to assist?
- Ulnar artery
- Radius bone
- Flexor retinaculum ligament
- Flexor tendon of the 5th finger
Ulnar artery
Which of the following statements best describes anisotropy?
- Increased tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation
- Decreased tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation
- Increased tendon echogenicity due to pathology
- Decreased tendon echogenicity due to pathology
- Decreased Tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation
Which of the following statements regarding tendinitis is false?
- Often sport related
- Can be focal of diffuse
- Results in tendon thickening
- Results in decreased blood flow
Results in decreased blood flow
The patellar tendon extends from the base of the patella to the tibial tuberosity? T/F
False
Apex of the tendon to the tuberosity
Which of the following statements regarding scanning the Achilles tendon is false?
- The patient is prone
- The foot hangs off the end of the bed
- A high frequency linear transducer is used
- The patient can plantarflex to straighten the tendon
The patient can plantarflex to straighten the tendon
The patient needs to dorsiflex
A 69 year old male presents with bilateral testicular enlargement. The requisition also notes painless enlargement of the nodes in the neck and axillary. During the exam, the sonographer notes large, hypoechoic, hyperemic masses that are diffusely involving both testes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Seminoma
- Lymphoma
- Sorti cell tumor
- Epididymo- ORchitis
Lymphoma
The patient is well past the age for a seminoma
Which of the following is most commonly associated with a history of cryptorchidism?
- Cysts
- Cancer
- Chronic Orchitis
- Abscess formation
Cancer
A 17 year old male presents with a sudden onset of extreme left testicular pain. Beyond the standard 2D and measurements, what else must the sonographer do?
Exam the testicles with colour and pulsed wave doppler
Which of the following is an example of a non-germ cell tumor?
- Seminoma
- Choriocarcinoma
- Leydig cell tumour
- Embryonal cell tumor
Leydig cell tumour
What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in the adult male?
Epididymitis
What is commonly seen in patients post-vasectomy?
Tubular ectasia
Where do primary thyroid cancers most frequently metastasize?
Lymphatic system
Which of the following structures is located most posterior to the thyroid?
Longus colli muscle
Which is the rarest form of primary thyroid carcinoma?
- Papillary
- Follicular
- Medullary
- Anaplastic
Anaplastic
Which of the following characteristics of a thyroid nodule would be most worrisome for malignancy?
- Incomplete halo
- Comet trail artifact
- Hyperechoic mass
- Eggshell calcifcation
Incomplete halo
smooth, thin, complete are benign
Where would a thyroglossal duct cyst be identified?
Superior to the isthmus
A 35 year old females lab work shows increased T3 and T4, and the presence of thyroid antibodies. Ultrasound examination demonstrates a diffusely enlarged, hyper vascular thyroid gland. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Graves diseases
Hashimoto’s is Hypothyroidism and Graves is Hyperthyroidism
Which salivary gland is most often affected by sialolithiasis?
Submandibular
What is the echogenicity of the normal parathyroid compared to the thyroid gland?
Isoechoic
