Socrative Final Review

Question 1

Which of the following sonographic features of a breast mass is considered more benign?

1. Thick echogenic rim
2. Well-defined boarder
3. Taller than wide
4. Speculations

Answer 1

Well defined boarders

The others are more associated with malignant boarders

Question 2

Which of the following breast zones contains the terminal duct all units?

1. Mammary
2. Subcutaneous
3. Retromammary
4. Pectoralis Muscle

Answer 2

Mammary

Question 3

Which of the following would most likely present as micro calcifications within a solid breast mass?

1. Fat necrosis
2. Fibrocystic change
3. Ducal carcinoma in Situ
4. Lobular carcinoma in Situ

Answer 3

Ductal carcinoma in Situ

Question 4

Breast masses worrisome for malignancy are often larger in which dimension?

1. AP
2. Width
3. Length
4. Sagittal

Answer 4

AP

Question 5

Left breast ultrasound on a 65 year old female shows a hypoechoic mass in the UOQ with angular margins, microcalcifcations, and posterior shadowing. The mass is non-mobile and demonstrates central vascularity. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 5

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 6

Which of the following breast structures is most hypoechoic?

1. Fibroglandular tissue
2. Cooper’s ligaments
3. Fat lobules
4. Skin

Answer 6

Fat Lobules

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes gynecomastia?

1. Male breast malignancy
2. Male breast enlargement
3. Appears hyperechoic on ultrasound
4. Increases the risk for developing breast cancer

Answer 7

Male breast enlargement

Question 8

What is the most common cause of fat necrosis in the breast?

Answer 8

Trauma

Question 9

Galactoceles are most commonly seen in what type of patient?

Answer 9

Lactating

Question 10

Which arm position is beset to examine the subscapularis tendon?

Answer 10

External rotation

Question 11

Which of the following is an indirect (secondary) finding for a rotator cuff tear?

1. Geyser sign
2. Hypoechoic defect
3. Fluid filled defect
4. Focal thinning of the tendon

Answer 11

Geyser sign

Everything is direct signs

Question 12

Which of the following tendons inserts onto the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?

1. Biceps
2. Subscapularis
3. Supraspinatus
4. Infraspinatus

Answer 12

Subscapularis

Question 13

Where are ganglion cysts most commonly identified?

Answer 13

Hands and wrists

Question 14

When trying to identify the median nerve, which of the following landmarks can be used to assist?

1. Ulnar artery
2. Radius bone
3. Flexor retinaculum ligament
4. Flexor tendon of the 5th finger

Answer 14

Ulnar artery

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes anisotropy?

1. Increased tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation
2. Decreased tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation
3. Increased tendon echogenicity due to pathology
4. Decreased tendon echogenicity due to pathology

Answer 15

2. Decreased Tendon echogenicity due to angle on insonation

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding tendinitis is false?

1. Often sport related
2. Can be focal of diffuse
3. Results in tendon thickening
4. Results in decreased blood flow

Answer 16

Results in decreased blood flow

Question 17

The patellar tendon extends from the base of the patella to the tibial tuberosity? T/F

Answer 17

False

Apex of the tendon to the tuberosity

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding scanning the Achilles tendon is false?

1. The patient is prone
2. The foot hangs off the end of the bed
3. A high frequency linear transducer is used
4. The patient can plantarflex to straighten the tendon

Answer 18

The patient can plantarflex to straighten the tendon

The patient needs to dorsiflex

Question 19

A 69 year old male presents with bilateral testicular enlargement. The requisition also notes painless enlargement of the nodes in the neck and axillary. During the exam, the sonographer notes large, hypoechoic, hyperemic masses that are diffusely involving both testes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Seminoma
2. Lymphoma
3. Sorti cell tumor
4. Epididymo- ORchitis

Answer 19

Lymphoma

The patient is well past the age for a seminoma

Question 20

Which of the following is most commonly associated with a history of cryptorchidism?

1. Cysts
2. Cancer
3. Chronic Orchitis
4. Abscess formation

Answer 20

Cancer

Question 21

A 17 year old male presents with a sudden onset of extreme left testicular pain. Beyond the standard 2D and measurements, what else must the sonographer do?

Answer 21

Exam the testicles with colour and pulsed wave doppler

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of a non-germ cell tumor?

1. Seminoma
2. Choriocarcinoma
3. Leydig cell tumour
4. Embryonal cell tumor

Answer 22

Leydig cell tumour

Question 23

What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in the adult male?

Answer 23

Epididymitis

Question 24

What is commonly seen in patients post-vasectomy?

Answer 24

Tubular ectasia

Question 25

Where do primary thyroid cancers most frequently metastasize?

Answer 25

Lymphatic system

Question 26

Which of the following structures is located most posterior to the thyroid?

Answer 26

Longus colli muscle

Question 27

Which is the rarest form of primary thyroid carcinoma? 1. Papillary 2. Follicular 3. Medullary 4. Anaplastic

Answer 27

Anaplastic

Question 28

Which of the following characteristics of a thyroid nodule would be most worrisome for malignancy? 1. Incomplete halo 2. Comet trail artifact 3. Hyperechoic mass 4. Eggshell calcifcation

Answer 28

Incomplete halo *smooth, thin, complete are benign*

Question 29

Where would a thyroglossal duct cyst be identified?

Answer 29

Superior to the isthmus

Question 30

A 35 year old females lab work shows increased T3 and T4, and the presence of thyroid antibodies. Ultrasound examination demonstrates a diffusely enlarged, hyper vascular thyroid gland. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 30

Graves diseases *Hashimoto’s is Hypothyroidism and Graves is Hyperthyroidism*

Question 31

Which salivary gland is most often affected by sialolithiasis?

Answer 31

Submandibular

Question 32

What is the echogenicity of the normal parathyroid compared to the thyroid gland?

Answer 32

Isoechoic