Midsemester review Flashcards
What is the most common cause of acute painful scrotum?
Epididymitis
What is the most common etiology of hypothyroidism in an adult worldwide?
Iodine deficiency
Which of the the following statements regarding the anatomy of the neck and thyroid gland is false?
- The strap muscles are anterior to the thyroid gland
- The CCA and IJV are posterolateral to the thyroid gland
- The trachea forms the lateral boarder of the thyroid gland
- The longus colli muscle is seen posterior to the thyroid gland
The trachea forms the lateral boarder of the thyroid gland
In the normal testicle, what would an echogenic structure extending craniocaudally represent?
Mediastinum
Which testicular abnormality would typically present sonographically with hypervascularity?
Orchitis
Into what vessel does the left testicular vein drain?
Left renal vein
Which of the following scrotal pathologies is NOT more common in patients who have had a vasectomy?
- Seminoma
- Spermatocele
- Epididymal cyst
- Dilation of the rete testes
Seminoma
Which of the following characteristics increase the suspicion for malignancy in a thyroid nodule?
- Eggshell calcifications
- Thin hypoechoic halo
- Hyperechogenicity
- Microcalcifications
Microcalcifications
Which thyroid disease would most likely present with exophthalmus?
- Graves disease
- Multinodular goiter
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Acute suppurative thyroiditis
Grave’s disease
The “bell clapper” deformity is associated with which testicular abnormality?
Intravaginal torsion
Which of the following would NOT typically be associated with a testicular malignancy?
- A small hydrocele
- Irregular shaped testicle
- A mass within the testicle
- Painful scrotal enlargement
Painful scrotal enlargement
A thyroid ultrasound indicates an enlarged gland with marked hypervascularity bilaterally. What is the most likely pathology?
Graves disease
What is the alternative name for subacute granulomatous thyroiditis?
De quervians thyroiditis
Which thyroid cancer can be associated with pheochromocytomas?
Medullary
What abnormality would a sonographer most likely identify during a thyroid ultrasound if a nuclear medicine scan of the thyroid indicated a “hot” nodule?
Toxic adenoma
A neck ultrasound is ordered on a patient because of the increasing serum calcium levels. What pathology is a sonographer most likely assessing for?
Parathyroid adenoma
What is the most common benign neoplasm in the parotid gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
Which of the following is NOT typically a presentation of a high grade malignant tumor in the salivary gland?
- Fixed to the background (non-mobile)
- Facial nerve paralysis
- Painful on palpation
- Slow growth
Slow growth
Which of the following findings would be exhibited in a lymph node, and could be used to differentiate a lymph node from a parathyroid adenoma sonographically?
- Enlarged extrathyroidal feeding artery
- Central hilar flow pattern
- Peripheral vascularity
- Round or oval shape
Central hilar flow pattern
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Adenoma
What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
Papillary
Which of the following statements best describes a secondary varicocele?
- Most often identified in patients 15-25 years of age
- Results of incompetent valves in the spermatic vein
- Most common correctable cause of mal infertility
- Typically not affected by patient position
Typically not affected by patient position
What would a fusiform, anechoic midline mass identified superior to thyroid gland most likely represent?
Thyroglossal duct
Which duct drains the parotid gland?
Stensen’s
Where are the majority of undescended testes located?
Inguinal canal
Which of the following lab values may be elevated with testicular malignancy?
- PSA
- AFP
- ALP
- AST
AFP
On sonographic examination, your patient presents with a enlarged heterogenous thyroid gland. The patients lab work is normal and the patient is not experiencing any symptoms besides the palpable, enlarged gland. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Non- toxic goiter
A nuclear medicine examination can be used to evaluate thyroid nodules. Which of the following statements regarding this examination is false?
- The majority of cold nodules are malignant
- Nodules may be classified as either hot or cold nodules
- A hot nodule traps an excessive amount of isotope and is hyperfunctioning
- A cold nodule does not absorb the isotope and demonstrates an area of decreased or absent activity
The majority of cold nodules are malignant
In young men, what is the most common cause of orchitis?
Sexually transmitted infections
Hydrocele fluid is located between which two layers?
Tunica albuginea and parietal tunica vaginalis
Which of the following terms is used to describe repetitive swelling of the salivary gland that is not due to inflammatory or neoplastic causes?
- Sjogren’s syndrome
- Sialolithiasis
- Sialadenitis
- Sialosis
Sialosis
Transverse left thyroid. Which sonographic description describes this focal thyroid abnormality most accurately?
- Solid with malignant features
- Solid with benign features
- Complex cyst with debris
- Hemorrhagic cyst
Solid with malignant features
Which of the following statements regarding this spectral wave pattern is TRUE?
- It is demonstrating high resistance flow
- Typical for cremasteric artery
- Typical for the deferential artery
- Typical for the typical artery
Typical for the testicular artery
Sagittal left thyroid. Based on the sonographic appearance of this thyroid abnormality, what is the most likely differential diagnosis?
Colloid cyst
A 25 year old male presents with scrotal pain, swelling and leukocytosis. Which of the following is not demonstrated in these images?
1. Microlithiasis
2. Left hydrocele
3. Asymmetrical scrotal wall thickening
4. Sonographically abnormal left epididymis
Microlithiasis
What normal variant is demonstrated in this testicular image?
Appendix testis
This is a 40 year old male with a palpable lump in the superior left scrotum. What abnormality is most likely demonstrated in this image?
Spermatocele
Which patient would normally present with this type of scrotal abnormality?
- A patient post vasectomy
- A patient with a “bell clapper” deformity
- A patient with a history of testicular microlithiasis
- A patient with incompetent valve in the internal spermatic vein
A patient post vesctomy
Based on this image what is the most likely diagnosis?
Epididymitis
What is the most likely abnormality demonstrated in these images of the left testicle?
Varicocele
The mass is demonstrating a hypoechoic halo, T/F ?
False
The mass would be demonstrated as complex, T/F?
True
The mass is mostly cystic, T/F?
True
The mass is demonstrating posterior enhancement, T/F?
True
The mass is demonstrating eggshell calcification, T/F?
False
A patient presents with the following signs and symptoms: rapid heart rate, excessive sweating and bulging of the eyes. The ultrasound exam demonstrates a diffusely enlarged, hypoechoic, hypervascular thyroid gland.
Which of the following abnormal lab results would you expect to see with this patient?
- Decreased calcitonin
- Elevated calcitonin
- Decreased T4
- Elevated T4
Elevated T4
A 25 year old patient presents to the department with a history of gynecomastia and feminization (hypogonadism). The ultrasound demonstrates a small, well defined, hypoechoic mass in the left testicle. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Seminoma
- Adenomatoid tumor
- Gonadal stromal tumor
- Non seminomatous germ cell tumor
Gonadal stromal tumor
A young adult male presents to the department with right groin pain and scrotal swelling after helping his friend move. The ultrasound exam reveals a right sided extra testicular mass with dirty shadowing demonstrating motion in real time.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Scrotal hernia
A 30 year old female presents to the department with the following signs and symptoms: weight gain, hair loss, and lethargy.
Blood work indicates the presence of thyroid antibodies.
Sonographic examination reveals a diffusely enlarged, heterogenous thyroid gland.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Graves disease
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Invasive fibrous thyroiditis
- Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Which of the following statements about the thyroid follicle is false?
- It is the functional unit of the thyroid
- The follicular cells produce T3 and T4
- The lumen of the follicle contains colloid
- The parafollicular cells produce parathyroid hormone
The parafollicular cells produce parathyroid hormone
