Midsemester review Flashcards
What is the most common cause of acute painful scrotum?
Epididymitis
What is the most common etiology of hypothyroidism in an adult worldwide?
Iodine deficiency
Which of the the following statements regarding the anatomy of the neck and thyroid gland is false?
- The strap muscles are anterior to the thyroid gland
- The CCA and IJV are posterolateral to the thyroid gland
- The trachea forms the lateral boarder of the thyroid gland
- The longus colli muscle is seen posterior to the thyroid gland
The trachea forms the lateral boarder of the thyroid gland
In the normal testicle, what would an echogenic structure extending craniocaudally represent?
Mediastinum
Which testicular abnormality would typically present sonographically with hypervascularity?
Orchitis
Into what vessel does the left testicular vein drain?
Left renal vein
Which of the following scrotal pathologies is NOT more common in patients who have had a vasectomy?
- Seminoma
- Spermatocele
- Epididymal cyst
- Dilation of the rete testes
Seminoma
Which of the following characteristics increase the suspicion for malignancy in a thyroid nodule?
- Eggshell calcifications
- Thin hypoechoic halo
- Hyperechogenicity
- Microcalcifications
Microcalcifications
Which thyroid disease would most likely present with exophthalmus?
- Graves disease
- Multinodular goiter
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Acute suppurative thyroiditis
Grave’s disease
The “bell clapper” deformity is associated with which testicular abnormality?
Intravaginal torsion
Which of the following would NOT typically be associated with a testicular malignancy?
- A small hydrocele
- Irregular shaped testicle
- A mass within the testicle
- Painful scrotal enlargement
Painful scrotal enlargement
A thyroid ultrasound indicates an enlarged gland with marked hypervascularity bilaterally. What is the most likely pathology?
Graves disease
What is the alternative name for subacute granulomatous thyroiditis?
De quervians thyroiditis
Which thyroid cancer can be associated with pheochromocytomas?
Medullary
What abnormality would a sonographer most likely identify during a thyroid ultrasound if a nuclear medicine scan of the thyroid indicated a “hot” nodule?
Toxic adenoma
A neck ultrasound is ordered on a patient because of the increasing serum calcium levels. What pathology is a sonographer most likely assessing for?
Parathyroid adenoma
What is the most common benign neoplasm in the parotid gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
Which of the following is NOT typically a presentation of a high grade malignant tumor in the salivary gland?
- Fixed to the background (non-mobile)
- Facial nerve paralysis
- Painful on palpation
- Slow growth
Slow growth
Which of the following findings would be exhibited in a lymph node, and could be used to differentiate a lymph node from a parathyroid adenoma sonographically?
- Enlarged extrathyroidal feeding artery
- Central hilar flow pattern
- Peripheral vascularity
- Round or oval shape
Central hilar flow pattern
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Adenoma