socjologia

Question 1

sociology

Answer 1

study of society

Question 2

sociological imagination

Answer 2

Is the application of imaginative thought to the asking and answering of sociological questions/understanding how individuals behave

Question 3

using Social imagination and (thinks himself away)

Answer 3

Each of us lives in a very small orbits (groups like school, friends, family) and our world view is limited by the social situations we encounter
We can never truly understand other’s perspective since we are not them

Question 4

public issues

Answer 4

issues beyond our own control but in range of others instead of individual

Question 5

personal troubles

Answer 5

private problem experienced by one individual

Question 6

social order

Answer 6

multiple factors can operate together/ its an existence of social norms (student going to class sitting paying attention)

Question 7

social construction

Answer 7

idea that group of people agree to exists. by time taking the existence for granted

Question 8

“the things that wee see before us are inveitiable. Natural and can not be changed”

Answer 8

sociology teaches that in many ways we are freer than we think - things that are natural are actually created by humans

Question 9

social order

Answer 9

1. national for individual to act certain way
2. existence of norms
   3 beliefs and values
   social order is not granted. question for it arises when its broken

Question 10

social change

Answer 10

concept of how society and its ideologies transform over time

Question 11

agency and structure

Answer 11

free will - question if where individual ends up in life is not significantly (entirely) influenced by position we were born. Life determined by social roles, gender race and class

Question 12

determinism

Answer 12

thesis - all events in the universe including human decisions and actions are causally inevitable

Question 13

types of legitimacy

Answer 13

1. traditional legitimacy
2. charismatic legitimacy
3. legal-rational legitimacy

Question 14

traditional legitimacy

Answer 14

traditions and history continuity. Rooted in belief that sth is legitimated bcc its been accepted for long time. Traditional authority - monarchs, tribal leaders often derive legitimacy from this source

Question 15

charismatic legitimacy

Answer 15

magnetism of leader or author. people follow in the beliefs of a leader bus of their qualities - charisma, sense of divine mission (Adolf H)

Question 16

legal-rational legitimacy

Answer 16

grounded in set of established rules, laws, procedures. Leaders drive power from organised system

Question 17

functionalism

Answer 17

society like a big machine. Functionalism is like looking at how all the different parts of this machine work together to keep everything running smoothly. functionalist believe to make it run smooth we need rules we agree are right and wrong (moral consensus)

Question 18

conflict theories

Answer 18

conflict theories suggest that there’s not always harmony in society. there are tensions and conflicts between groups that might have different interests. These conflicts can happen between social classes, genders, races, or any groups that have different amounts of power.

Question 19

social order and conflict theory

Answer 19

conflict theories argue that social order isn’t just about everyone agreeing—it’s also about who has power and who doesn’t. The balance isn’t always fair, and conflicts can arise when groups feel they’re not getting a fair share.
ocial order isn’t just about stability through shared values; it’s also about understanding the power dynamics and conflicts that exist within society.

Question 20

feminism theory

Answer 20

gendered patterns and gandered inequalities are not natural but socially constructed.

Question 21

rational choice theory

Answer 21

Max Werber four categories of behaviour
behaviour oriented :
1. toward higher valued - politics
2. toward habit - walking to school on familiar path
3. toward affect (emotions) - falling in love
4. toward self-interest - making money

Question 22

microsociology

Answer 22

study of human behaviour as face to face interactions

Question 23

macrosociology

Answer 23

study of large-scale groups, organisations, systems

Question 24

how can sociology help us

Answer 24

• many/new perspectives of social world
• understanding how others live help us understand their problems
• better asses to results of public-policy initiatives
• self-enlightenment and increased self-understanding

Question 25

quantitative methods

Answer 25

approaches to sociological research that draw on objective and statistical data and often focus on documenting trends, comparing subgroups, or exploring correlations.

Question 26

qualitative methods

Answer 26

approaches to sociological research that often rely on personal and/or collective interviews, accounts, or observations of a person or situation.

Question 27

stages of research

Answer 27

1. descriptive - meaning/what is it
2. explanatory - factors behind/how it occurs
3. interpretive - how it is perceived/interpretation of problem/view and evaluation

Question 28

ethnography

Answer 28

Firsthand studies of people using observations, interviews, or both. Here, the investigator socializes, works, or lives with members of a group, organization, or community.

Question 29

surveys (two types of questions)

Answer 29

standardized, Leading questions, Loaded/Assumptive questions, Double-barreled questions

Question 30

standardised questions

Answer 30

fixed-choice, questions, only a fixed range of responses is possible -for example, Yes, No, Don’t know or Very likely, Likely, Unlikely, Very unlikely.

Question 31

leading questions

Answer 31

suggest to answer a question one way or another, as opposed to leaving room for objectivity. In a courtroom setting, leading questions are usually filled with detail and suggest what a witness has experienced, as opposed to letting the witness explain what happened.

Leading question: How awesome is the product?
Fixed: How would you rate this product?
Leading question: What problems do you have with the design team?
Fixed: How likely are you to recommend working with the design team?

Question 32

loaded/assumptive questions

Answer 32

contains an assumption about the perception of the person.

Loaded question: Where do you enjoy drinking beer?
Loaded question: How often do you exercise twice a day?

Question 33

double-barrelled questions

Answer 33

involving multiple issues. By asking two questions in one, you make it difficult for the people to answer either one honestly.

Double-barreled product question: Was the product casy to find and did you buy it?
Fixed example (p. 1): The store made it easy for me to find the product.
Fixed example (p. 2): Did you buy a product from our company at your last visit?

Question 34

jargon

Answer 34

word or phrase that is difficult to understand or not widely used by the general population

Service question with jargon: How was face-time with your customer support rep?
Fixed: How would you rate your experience with [team member]?

Question 35

sampling

Answer 35

Often sociologists are interested in the characteristics of large numbers of individuals- for example, political attitudes of the American population as a whole.
In such situations, researchers concentrate on a sample, or a small proportion of the overall group.