sociology midterm

Question 1

define sociology

Answer 1

the systematic study of society and social interaction

Question 2

what are the three main ways in witch sociological resarch is conducted

Answer 2

micro- level sociology, macro-level sociology and global-level sociology.

Question 3

difine micro level sociology

Answer 3

friend groups, family, work colleuges, intamite constant everyday interactions

Question 4

difine macro level sociology

Answer 4

society wide social interactions, institutions, gender relations, whole populations

Question 5

difine global level sociology

Answer 5

global structure or presedings that extend beyond the boarders of country. globel level influence

Question 6

what is the conflict between the three studys of sociology?

Answer 6

holisam, beacuse of the influence one has on another you cannot dictate resarch based on only one of thease aspets

Question 7

who created socialogical imagination
(sociological lens) (sociological perspective)

Answer 7

C. wright mills

Question 8

what are the three divisons of sociological knowlade

Answer 8

positivist, critical and interprative

Question 9

what are the six paradigms of thinking within the three types of sociological knowledge

Answer 9

quantitative sociology, structural functionalism, historical materialism, feminism, symbolic interactionism, and social constructivism.

Question 10

what is a positivist perspective

Answer 10

The rule of empiricism,value neutralityunity of the scientific method ruleThe rule of law-like statements

Question 11

what two forms of positivisam have been most dominant

Answer 11

quantitative sociology and structural functionalism.

Question 12

structural functionalism

Answer 12

sees society as having diffrent social structures maintatinging operations of society

Question 13

social processes can have more then one function (structural functionalism) what are they?

Answer 13

manifested functions, latent function, and dysfunctions.

Question 14

manifested function

Answer 14

goals that are consciously sought or anticipated in a social process or institution

Question 15

latent functions

Answer 15

the unsought consequences or purposes of a social process or institution.

Question 16

dysfunction

Answer 16

unwanted byproducts of latent functions

Question 17

critisisms of positivisiom

Answer 17

claims nutralitly when bias exsists in everybody, question of can society be expladed as simpaly as a structure like science, and potential for missed agency of humanity due to its lens on macro level structures

Question 18

interprative sociology

Answer 18

understanding or interpreting human activity in terms of the meanings that humans attribute to it

Question 19

two main forms of interprative sociology?

Answer 19

symbolic interactionism and social constructionism

Question 20

symbolic interaction

Answer 20

micro level, humans make meaning and interact by exchanging symbols like language or gestures

Question 21

social constructictivism

Answer 21

large scale social processes, the catagorization of people how meaning is created and given authority through processes by which groups of people, experience, and reality are defined and categorized in specific cultural and historical contexts.

Question 22

Essentialism

Answer 22

the characteristics of persons or groups are significantly influenced by an underlying human nature, and are therefore largely similar in all human cultures and historical periods.

Question 23

critical sociology

Answer 23

critique of power relations and the understanding of society as historical — i.e., subject to change, struggle, contradiction, instability, social movement, and radical transformation.

Question 24

two main value judgments in critical sociology

Answer 24

That human life is worth living, or rather that it can be and ought to be made worth living; and

2. In a given society, specific possibilities exist for the amelioration of human life and the specific ways and means of realizing these possibilities.

Question 25

historical materialism (critical socs)

Answer 25

everyday lives are structured by the connection between history, relations of power and economic processes. macro-level basis. reeview of the past to better the present, placment of historic institution and teir current influence

Question 26

feminisam (critical socs)

Answer 26

feminist sociology has focused on the power relationships and inequalities between women and men

Question 27

improtance of sociology and what it can be used for

Answer 27

teaches people to not accept easy explionations, allows room for the idea of humainty in sientific ways. propmotes rights in govermne t institutions (medical, prison, workplace) agency, wide variety of carrears throough transferable skills

Question 28

emperical evidance

Answer 28

evidence corroborated by direct experience and/or observation

Question 29

scientific method

Answer 29

An organized, logical way of learning and knowing about the social world.

Question 30

(robert merton) sience is a kind of emperical knowlandge organized into 4 key components, what are they?

Answer 30

Communalism Universalism Disinterestedness Organized Skepticism

Question 31

independent variables

Answer 31

the cause of the change.

Question 32

dependent variable

Answer 32

the effect, or thing that is changed.

Question 34

who fatered figuration

Answer 34

Norbert Elias

Question 35

who fathered symbolic enteractionism

Answer 35

george herbert med

Question 36

father of influential modern science (developed sense of self)

Answer 36

sigmund freud

Question 37

the looking glass self

Answer 37

charles cooley

Question 38

commodody fetishism

Answer 38

karl marx

Question 39

disenchantment of the world

Answer 39

max weber

Question 40

ethnography

Answer 40

observation of social perspective/culture/values of entire social setting

Question 41

paulo Freires

Answer 41

pedagogy of the oppressed (reference point in critical reserch)

Question 42

who founded positivism

Answer 42

august comte

Question 43

consept of false falsifiability

Answer 43

karl popper

Question 44

standpoint theory

Answer 44

dorthy smith

Question 45

interaction ritual chains

Answer 45

randle collins

Question 46

father of interprative sociology

Answer 46

max weber

Question 47

founding father of sociology

Answer 47

george simmel (jew)

Question 48

established sociology as academic dissapline

Answer 48

emile Durkheim

Question 49

harriet Martineau

Answer 49

one of the fisrt women in sociology (social reform)

Question 50

framework for critical sociology

Answer 50

karl marx

Question 51

AGIL schema

Answer 51

talcott parsons- division of society into four functional req- adaptation, goal attainment, interperation, latent pattern matenance

Question 52

anomie

Answer 52

social normlessness lack of clear norms ,no direction/ purpose to individual action

Question 53

critical sociology

Answer 53

perspective focased on inequality and power relations in society

Question 54

disenchantment of the world

Answer 54

replacment of magical thinking by science

Question 55

dinamic equalibrium

Answer 55

stable state which all parts of society are working thogether properly

Question 56

dominant gender ideology

Answer 56

deleif that sex differneces are related to character,behaiviour, ablility

Question 57

empiricism

Answer 57

philosophical tradition seeks to discover laws of opperation through detailed observation

Question 58

functionalism

Question 59

interprative sociology

Answer 59

perspective that explains human behaiviour in means the individual attributes to it

Question 60

latent functions

Answer 60

the unrecognized/unintended consequences of a social process

Question 61

paradigms

Answer 61

theoretical frameworks used within a dissaplin to formulate theorys generalizations and expirements

Question 62

positivism

Answer 62

scientific study of social patterns using methodilogical principles of natural sciences

Question 63

social constructivism

Answer 63

perspective that focases on socially created nature of social life

Question 64

sociallogical imagination

Answer 64

understand how personal problems reaalte to public issues of social structure

Question 65

structural functionalism

Answer 65

see society as a structure with intterealted hearts to meet the biological / social needs of individuals

Question 66

symbolic interactionalism

Answer 66

perspective that focases on relationship of individuals by studying communication

Question 67

critical research strategy

Answer 67

utalizes positivist, interprative and refexive meathods that maximize potential from freedom / equality

Question 68

critcal pedagogy

Answer 68

approch to teaching / learning based on the agency of marginalized communtitys / empowering emancipation of oppressive structures

Question 69

hawthorn effect

Answer 69

study subjects behaving in a certain manor due to being aware they are being obsevered

Question 70

bianary oppisition

Answer 70

paired terms mutually exclusive and logical oppisites which structure set of system of associated meetings

Question 71

Sapir whorf hypothisis

Answer 71

people understand the world based on their form of language