Sociology Educational Policy - Marketisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is marketisation?

A

The introduction of market forces and competition into a system. In the education system, government control is reduced, and schools become more like private businesses subject to consumer demands.

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2
Q

What is marketisation the cause of?

A

Rapid growth in competition between diverse (vast range of ethnicity’s) and choice (ability to pick)

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3
Q

What are the key points of marketisation as a policy?

A

Involves the promotion of school choice (parentocracy) the creation of academies and free schools and the use of league tables to rank schools based on performance

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4
Q

What is meant by the ‘education market’ that marketisation has created?

A
  • reducing state control over education
  • increasing competition between both schools and the parental choice of schools
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5
Q

When was the Education Reform Act published?

A

1988

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6
Q

Who introduced the 1988 Education Reform Act and what was the main theme?

A
  • Margaret Thatchers Conservative Government
  • The main aim was marketisation
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7
Q

When was the New Labour Government in power and who was leading the party?

A

1997
- Tony Blair and Gordon Brown

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8
Q

What theme did the New Labour Government take?

A

They followed similar marketisation policies but placed a greater emphasis on standards, diversity and choice

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9
Q

How did the Conservative- Liberal Democrat coalition take marketisation even further?-

A

Introduced academies and free schoolsW

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10
Q

What do Neoliberals and New Right argue about marketisation?

A

Marketisation means that schools attract customers (parents) by competing with each other in the market. Schools that provide customers with what they want, such as success in the exams, will thrive and ‘won’t go out of business’.

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11
Q

Policy that promotes marketisation (L….)

A

League tables - the publication of these and Ofsted reports that rank each school according to its performance, parents can choose the right school

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12
Q

Policy that promotes markertisation from a business perspective

A

Sponsorships

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13
Q

Third policy that promotes marketisation (open..)

A

Open enrolment - allowing successful schools to recruit more pupils

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14
Q

Fourth policy that promotes marketisation (spe..)

A

Specialist schools - widen parental choice

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15
Q

Fifth policy that promotes marketisation (aca…)

A

Academies - means schools are allowed to avoid authoritical control (e.g to become academies)

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16
Q

Sixth policy that promotes marketisation (tui…)

A

Tuition fees - introduction of tuition fees for higher education

17
Q

What is the effect of parentocracy on schools?

A

Encourages diversity amongst schools, gives parents more choice and raises standards

18
Q

What is cream skimming?

A

‘Good’ schools can be more selective, choose their own customers and recruit high achieving, mainly middle class pupils. As a result, these pupils gain an advantage.

19
Q

What is silt shifting?

A

‘Good’ schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are likely to get poor results and damage the schools league table position

20
Q

What happens to schools with poor league tables?

A

They cannot afford to be selective and have to take less able students, mainly working class so their results are poorer and remain unattractive to middle class parents.

21
Q

How do popular schools benefit from formula funding?

A

They get more funding so they can afford better facilities and better qualified teachers, therefore allowing them to be selective of high ability students.

22
Q

First policy that New Labour Governments of 1997-2010 introduced to try and decrease marketisation?

A

Aim Higher - raise aspirations of groups who are under-represented in higher education

23
Q

Second policy that New Labour Governments of 1997-2010 introduced to try and decrease marketisation?

A

Educational Action Zones - designating these to deprived areas and providing them with additional resources

24
Q

Third policy that New Labour Governments of 1997-2010 introduced to try and decrease marketisation?

A

Educational Maintenance Allowances (EMA) - payments to students from low income backgrounds to encourage them to stay on after 16 to gain better qualifications

25
Q

Fourth policy that New Labour Governments of 1997-2010 introduced to try and decrease marketisation?

A

National Literacy Strategy - introducing a compulsory amount of hours spent on numeracy and literacy and reducing primary school classes - great advantage to disadvantaged groups so help to reduce inequality

26
Q

Fifth policy that New Labour Governments of 1997-2010 introduced to try and decrease marketisation?

A

City Academies - gave a fresh start to struggling inner-city schools with a mainly working class population