Sociology Crime: Gender,ethnicty And crime

Question 1

Sociology Crime: Gender
Gender Patterns in crime

Answer 1

-4/5 if convicted in wales and England are male
-males are more likely to have longer criminal careers and more serious crime
-women’s crimes are less likely to be reported e.g shoplifting

Question 2

Sociology Crime: Gender
Chivalry thesis

Answer 2

-argues men are socialised to act in a ‘chivalrous’ way to women
-e.g police or judges
-criminal justice system is more lenient with women
-gives invalid picture in the rates of offending

Question 3

Sociology Crime: Gender
Evidence for chivalry thesis

Answer 3

-females are more likely then males to receive a fine or a community’s sentence and less likely to be sent to prison
-only one in nine female offenders receive a prison sentence for shoplifting but one in five males

Question 4

Sociology Crime: Gender
Evidence against the chivalry thesis

Answer 4

-the crimes women do are less serious
-women offenders are more likely to show remorse explaining why they’re more likely to receive a caution instead of going to court

Question 5

Sociology Crime: Gender
Bias against women

Answer 5

Carlen
-Feminists argue that,far from the criminal justice system being in favour of women
-woman who do not conform to accepted standards of monogamous heterosexual and motherhood are punished more harshly

Question 6

Sociology Crime: explaining female crime
Functionalist theory

Answer 6

Cohen
-due to men having less of a socialising role then women, socialisation can be more difficult for boys
-this lack of adult male role mode leads to all male street gangs as a source of masculine identity

Question 7

Sociology Crime: explaining female crime
gender deals

Answer 7

Carlen
WC are led to conform through promise of two types of deals:
Patriarchal ideology promises women material and emotional rewards from family life by conforming to domestic gender role

Question 8

Sociology Crime: explaining female crime
Class deal

Answer 8

Carlen
WC are led to conform through promise of two types of deals:
Women who work will be offered material rewards with a decent standard of living and leisure activity’s

Question 9

Sociology Crime: explaining female crime
Class and gender deals eval

Answer 9

Carlen
-If these rewards are unavailable or worth the effort crime becomes more likely
-gender deal can see few rewards and even domestic abuse
-class deal can cause humiliation eg claiming benefits

Question 10

Sociology Crime: explaining female crime
Liberation thesis

Answer 10

Adler
-reduction in patriarchal society leads to women’s crimes becoming similar to men’s
-reduction in shoplifting and prostitution now commuting white-collar crimes
-this is due to increase in oppertunitys for crime

Question 11

Sociology Crime: explaining female crime
Evidence for liberation thesis

Answer 11

-rises in levels of crime that were know as male crimes such as embezzlement or armed robbery

Question 12

Sociology Crime: explaining female crime
Critique of liberation thesis

Answer 12

Hunt
-found female gang members in the USA were expected to conform to conventional gender roles

Question 13

Sociology Crime: explaining male crime
Post modernity and crime and masculine

Answer 13

Wislow
-globalisation cause a shift from modern industrial society to de-Industrial society
-lead to loss of traditional jobs that were able to express masculinity by physical Labour
-this caused young working class men to do legal work and illigal work
-nightclubs allowed legal work and the chance to sell drugs whilst using their masculinity through violence

Question 14

Sociology Crime: explaining male crime
Bodily capital

Answer 14

-To maintain reputation and employability the men must use bodily capital
-e.g bouncers seek to develop their physical assets by body building

Question 15

Sociology Crime: ethnicity
Prison

Answer 15

-blacks 4x more likely to be in prison then whites
-black and Asian offenders are more likely then whites to be serving longer sentences

Question 16

Sociology Crime: ethnicity
Stop & search

Answer 16

-stats show that Asians are more likely to be stopped and search them other ethnicity’s

Question 17

Sociology Crime: ethnicity
Left realism

Answer 17

Lea & Young
-they argue racism has lead to Econmic exclusion of ethic minority’s
-this leads to delinquent subculture formed by unemployed black males
-this produces utilitarian crime such theft
-cannot explain the differences between minorities in terms of police racism
-e.g blacks have higher criminalisation then Asians

Question 18

Sociology Crime: ethnicity
Left realism critique

Answer 18

-E.g arrest rates for Asians may be lower then blacks due to the police stereotyping them differently
-these stereotypes will have changed since due to events such as 9/11

Question 19

Sociology Crime: ethnicity
Neo-Marxism
Myth of black criminality

Answer 19

Gilroy
-due to racist stereotypes of black and Asians this results in police and justice system acting on these stereotypes and appear in greater numbers in official stats
-blacks and Asians in the U.K. originated in British colonies which where taught to rebel against the state so when facing racism in UK they responded with the same ways of defending them selves

Question 20

Sociology Crime: ethnicity
Neo-Marxism
Gilroy critique

Answer 20

Lea & Young
-first generation immigrants in the 1950s and 1960s were very law abiding so unlikely to pass down their anti colonial struggle

Question 21

Sociology Crime: ethnicity
Neo-Marxism
Moral panic

Answer 21

Hall et al
-Moral panic was created by the media through a new crime known as mugging which is a new name for street violence
-no evidence of an increase of this crime
-was associated with black youths
-used as a scapegoat to distract from the real problems of unemployment
-divide the working class on racial grounds and weaken the opposition of capitalism

Question 22

Sociology Crime: ethnicity
Neo Marxism
Hall et al critique

Answer 22

Left realists argue that inner city residents fears about mugging are not panicky but realistic