Sociology Flashcards
What is crt
Critical race theory - social construct and that racism is not merely the product of individual bias or prejudice but also something embedded in legal systems and policies
What is ethnocentricity and what does it focus on
The belief that your own ethnic group or culture is superior to others
It focuses on and priorities a particular ethnic group to the exclusion of others
Define culture
Things that are learnt and shared by a society or groups of people transmitted from generation to generation
Define norms
Social rules, expectations or standards that govern the behaviour expected in particular situations
Define values
Ideal or beliefs about general principles or goals. Tells society what is good/important in life + what to sins for
Define socialisation
The process by which an individual learns or internalises the culture of society. They learn all the necessary things that are essential in order to survive in society
Define status
A position in society. Ascribed status occurs where o it position in society js determines by a fixed characteristics
Define role
How someone who occupies a particular status is expected to act
Nature vs nurture
Nature=from within, born like that e.g. height, ethnicity, sexuality
Nurture=from surrounding, like the way you were brought ip
What do sociologists believe about behaviour?
They believe behaviour is learned rather then being inherited
What Is a formal norm
Norms that are explained to you
What are informal norms?
Norms picked up from around you in society
Define the term intellectual development
These are skills, attitudes and basic values that are developed at an early age through primary socialisation
Explain how language is linked with society?
The Study between the relationship between language and society is linked closely with sociolinguistics focuses on the effect society had on language
What do neoliberalist’s want?
- A free market to encourage competition between businesses
- privatisation of education, health and transport
- education to help country compete with the global economy
- schools run like businesses, competition between schools and parents
How does neoliberalism link to the nee right?
The new right is a conservative view point and it combines neo-liberal economics (free market) and minimal government intervention
How does Karl Marx describe capitalism?
As a 2 class system: the capitalist class and the working class.
What is karl Marx views on capitalist class?
That capitalist class is the minority class and the owners of land, factories, employs people and he believed they profited by exploiting the working class
What does Karl marx view the working class as?
The majority class and they work for the capitalist class and have no means of production of their own, have no other source of income
What does Louis Althusser suggest capitalists maintain power by using?
- repressive state apparatus (coercive forces like the police/army)
- ideological state apparatus (like schools who prepare the working class to expect a life of exploitation)
What do Bowles and Gintis (Marxists) argue about capitalists?
That they need hardworking workforce who accepts authority and who don’t make a fuss if exploited
