Demography Flashcards
Define demography
Study of the population and their characteristics
What 4 factors directly effect the population?
- births
- deaths
- immigration
- emigration
Define birth rate
The number of live births per thousand of the population per year
Define fertility rate
The total fertility rate is the average number of children women will have during their fertile years
Define death rate
The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
Define infant mortality rate
The number of infants who die before their first birthday per thousand live births per year
Define aging population
Fewer young people and more old people. Majority of population old
What is migration?
The movement of people from place to place. Can be internal with a given society. Migrants may settle permanently in a new place, stay temporary or move to and from places
What Is politicisation
Because migration is an important political issue, states have policies to seek control of migration (by absorbing migrants into society + to deal with increased ethnic and cultural diversity) (also can be defined as when an issue becomes highly political)
What is the dependency ratio?
The ratio between the non working old to the working young (the old are economically dependant group, who need provided for through taxation’s to pay for pensions + healthcare)
What is immigration?
The movement INTO another country
What is emigration?
Movement OUT of a country
What is net migration?
The difference between numbers of immigrants and emigrants (either a net increase or decrease)
What does Vertovec believe about migrants?
That they come from a wide range of countries and that within their ethnic groups their status differs
What does Cohen believe about the class difference between migrants?
That there is 3 types of migrants:
- citizen-full citizenship rights since the 1970, became harder for people to become this
- Denizens-priveledged foreign nationals welcomed by the state usually for a specific reason
- Helots-disposable units of labour power, may include illegally trafficked workers
What is the feminisation of migration?
The gender divide between migrants as women usually end up as carers or providers of sexual services.
How has the gender divide of migrants changed?
Previously the majority of migrants were men, however now half are women
What are migrant identities?
People may develop hybrid identities, pick and choose from different sources
What are transnational identities?
Picking things from different cultures to make yourself up.
What is assimilationism?
Encouraging migrants to engage with “our” language and culture
What is multiculturalism?
Acceptance of the new country
What are the 2 different types of diversity?
- Deep-continuing her cultural practices in nee country
2. Shallow-accepting adopted cultures as their own
What are the effects of an aging population?
- increases dependency ratio
- more care workers needed
- higher taxes for healthcare and pensions
- potential change in policies and provisions because old people use more services (like public transport)
What effects migration?
- wars
- terrorists
- economy
- population increase
- environment
- dictatorship
