Sociology 1027B : Test/ Midterm review

Question 1

Sociological location?

Answer 1

-The placement of an individual in a particular culture, society or social hierarchy, with their unique gender, age, race, social class, health status and interests.

Question 2

What term describes how two or more aspects of your social location can combine and increase the discrimination or privilege you experience?

Answer 2

Intersectionality

Question 3

Disproportionate representation?

Answer 3

• Takes place when a situation happens atypically high or low number asscociated with a specific situation.

Question 4

Emile Durkheim

Answer 4

• Rules of Sociological Method: 2 phenomenon
• Normal: expected things that happen in the society
• pathological: examining the unexpected things to happen in societal dysfunctions
• normative is usual while pathological is a rare occurrence.
• crime is normal.
• ## crime reminds people of what the rules are.

Question 5

Social pattern

Answer 5

-Repeated social actions that are probable to appear again.

Question 6

Confucius and forming relationships with people?

Answer 6

• was one of the first persons to be recorded to have a sociological imagination.
• He believed that the lawmakers must follow a set of moral rules themselves if they want to involve the citizens.

Question 7

MAX Weber

Answer 7

• Capitalism, the protestant ethic (work ethic)
• Protestant ethic: Set of beliefs that are believed to contribute to modern capitalism.
• capital: funds and properties needed for large amounts of manufacture and products.
• his beliefs came from a protestant view

Question 8

What theorist focused on social facts such as ethics, occupations, and suicide?

Answer 8

Emile Durkheim.

Question 9

Political economy?

Answer 9

• a study which involves an interdisciplinary approach to sociology and other social sciences. It primarily looks at the tensions that arise in the extraction and distribution of goods.
• it is Marxist in nature

Question 10

Cultural mosaic?

Answer 10

• a metaphor used to describe the multicultural nature of Canada.
• people who can keep their own cultural distinctive identities even when they are all put together.

Question 11

melting pot?

Answer 11

recent imgirants rapid assimaliation to the new society.

Question 12

Vertical mosaic?

Answer 12

• proter, when he observed and analyzed Canada, has determined this term as a hierarchy of higher or lower ethnic groups, it is a systematic discrimination.
• Porter concluded that race is the way how tiles are arranged thus there was a difference between races and new comers.

Question 13

The standpoint theory:

Answer 13

A theory that suggests that objectivity is impossible since knowledge can only be acquired from a live position of a standpoint.

Question 14

Aguste compte: the 2 forces?

Answer 14

stasis and kinesis

Question 15

micro-level analysis

Answer 15

small groups and focus on individuals

Question 16

Paradigm

Answer 16

particular philosophical or theoretical way of thinking, that entails:
- what is observed
- the kind of question that is asked
- what kinda question it should be (structure)
- what predictions could happen
- how to interpret

Question 17

3. Max Weber’s concept, a type of interpretive analysis based on deep understanding is known as

Answer 17

Verstehen

Question 18

Counter culture:

Question 19

What is a Culture?

Answer 19

It is a system of behaviour where we identify with throughout behaviours, knowledge, practices and the stuff we make within the culture namely artifacts.

Question 20

What is Determinism?

Answer 20

• is the label given to things such as a person actions , behaviours, attitudes and ohters characaterisitics are linked to a specific that happnes their life - determined by specific circumstance.
• There are 2 specific arguements made on determinism, it is the nature vs, nurture, and people having free will whp practice agency.

Question 21

Deterministic formaiton of personality:

Answer 21

It is the view where people assume that either your genetic information or people and the environment you are brought up in shaped who you are and you do not have any contribution to your own upbringing.

Question 22

“Hard determinism” vs. “soft determinism”

Answer 22

• Hard determinism suggests we are programmed either by our genetics or by the society we are in to act and be the way we are – Nature vs. Nurture.
• Soft determinism suggests that biology and the environment may play a role in how we act however there is still room for free will in which people exercise agency. (with agency one has power over how others may feel about them)

Question 23

Biological determinism:

Answer 23

It is not a good idea to generalize through a few genes on determining a person’s characteristics, there is more to why some poeple act the way they do biologically, thus biological determinism is seen as a not so accurate of study as there are a lot of missing gaps, and in the textbook a person tied to say that people should study other important things like hearing complications rather than how biology impact socialization : they saying get the fuk out of our shit to scientists ehehe

Question 24

Sigmund frued.

Answer 24

• ID, the instinctive subconscious mind
  -Eros, the sexual and pleare-derived instinct.
• Thanatos, the desire for aggression and violence
• Superego, the sense of morality and conscience
• Ego, the conscious aspect of personal identity.
• He and Erik Erikson say that people have stages in life where their Eros and Thanatos change as they age to become stable, they also say that this influences the people once they are old enough.
• He was often associated with Gaslighting others, specifically women in believing that sexual force is not real, like no one forces anyone to fuck.

Question 25

Social Determinism:

Answer 25

• Behaviourism takes a deterministic cultural view, in which one believes that things around influence how you act.
• The power of Nurture is emphasized.
• Law of effect: central to behaviour modification, the theory that if something is rewarded it is more likely to be repeated while if an an action is punished it is less likely to be repeated by the person.
• Edward Thorndike introduced him.
• Reward means “reinforced” actions while punished action is like a stick where the person who does that is punished.
• it is like carrot (reward) and stick (the punishment)
• Effecting someone’s behaviour by positive or negative reinforcement is called behavioural modification.