Sociological Theories Of Criminality - Exam Questions

Question 1

Briefly describe one sociological theory of criminality (Strain Theory - Functionalism (Durkheim)) [4 marks]

Answer 1

Strain theory

• This theory was developed by Merton, who held that society encourages people to subscribe to the goals of material success; however society is unable to provide legitimate means for all success.
• It is argued that some peoples opportunities are blocked, these individuals may feel frustrated and go on to develop a number of responses such as innovation and retreatism in response to the feelings of anomie.
• An example of this is people committing theft, individuals may not be able to earn enough money to buy some items they would like and therefore resort to the innovation of stealing these items in order to have the same material goods as others, without having to pay.

Question 2

Evaluate a sociological theory of criminality (strain theory/functionalism) [6 marks]

Answer 2

+ Recognises that crime has a positive side in society

+ Without deviance societies would never move forwards (Stagnant)

+ Durkheim argues that a certain amount of crime/deviance is reality for society but does not indicate how much is the higher amount

• Doesn’t recognise how much deviance/crime is healthy as it can be difficult to judge
• Creates fear for individuals: crime and deviance strengthens social solidarity but overlooks how it can isolate people
• Doesn’t look at what the causes of crime might be (NO REASONS WHY). just that it’s functional, healthy, universal, inevitable and relative.