Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SOCIOL 1 > SOCIOL Final Chap 18 > Flashcards

SOCIOL Final Chap 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did schools first appear ?

A

They were created by religious organizations in hopes of teaching literacy so that people could read sacred scripture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Social Mobility

A

The ability for people to move up the socioeconomic ladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common schools

A

Funded by taxes and attended by all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morrill Act 1862

A

Provided each state with federal government resources to create or expand a state university

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Land grant colleges

A

Origins are usually traced to the Morrill Act and were created through this funding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Socialization

A

Teaches young people the habits and practices expected of members of the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classical functionalist theory of education

A

The classroom is portrayed as a small society where children learn the rules of the adult world they will soon enter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hidden Curriculum

A

The teaching of students how to act and behave in addition to their formal academic subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Direct knowledge

A

Rules and regulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Indirect knowledge

A

Social and cultural rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Creationism

A

Bible-infused understanding of the origins of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Child-centric learning

A

Students participate in crafting their own learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Active learning

A

Students learning together by doing things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“Democratic” schools

A

Students would practice and learn the skills of citizenship through hands-on activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Human Capital

A

the stock of knowledge, skills, and habits that students can use to do productive labor later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Meritocracy

A

the idea that the most desirable jobs will go to those with the most “merit” and/or human capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Social reproduction theory

A

the ways in which education reinforces already existing advantages that some children have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

G.I Bill

A

allowed honorably discharged veterans to enroll for free in an accredited higher educational program while also receiving a small living allowance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Soft skills

A

These include social skills such as the ability to work in teams and interact well with a wide variety of people, communication skills, determination, and discipline (the ability to stay on task)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Closure theory

A

Education limits the number of people eligible to work in various kinds of jobs, creating a kind of scarcity that pushes up wages; views the educational system as dispensing, or allocating, credentials that make those who have them eligible for various kinds of jobs. It is a barrier to entry, so to speak.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Credentialism

A

the growing number of jobs requiring a credential of some sort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Residential Segregation

A

When members of groups cluster live in different neighborhoods and communities

21
Q

What are the two main ways in which residential segregation occurs ?

A

Race and class

22
Q

concerted cultivation

A

middle- and upper-class parents tend to use resources to actively foster the development of their children’s talents, opinions, and skills

23
Q

natural growth style

A

parents getting out of the way and allowing their children to grow “naturally.”

24
Q

opportunity hoarding

A

parental resources give more economically privileged children important advantages

25
Q

The Head Start Program

A

Offers prekindergarten enrichment programs for poor children before they enter school.

26
Q

Charter Schools

A

Operate more independently of the rest of the school district and can offer more rigorous curriculums for ambitious children and families.

27
Q

Identify the correlation between education level and health

A

1) Education and working conditions
2) Health insurance
3) Highly educated people have better access to health related information

28
Q

Recognize the correlation between education level and intimate relationships

A

Highly educated people are more likely to get married and stay married

29
Q

Educational homogamy

A

We are also increasingly likely to marry individuals with educational levels similar to our own

30
Q

Harlem Childrens Zone

A

HCZ is a pioneering attempt not only to provide high-quality schools for children from low-income families, but also includes health clinics, social services, all-day prekindergarten programs, and other kinds of support programs not normally part of a typical school system.

31
Q

What are “percent plans”

A

The top x% of a school can get into certain public universities in the state which attempts to reduce class based advantages

32
Q

Preparatory schools and their significance

A

College “prep” school graduates are disproportionately represented at the most elite private colleges and universities

33
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

The Brown decision ordered school districts to stop segregating their schools, and to take concrete steps to desegregate

34
Q

Hyper-segregated

A

Minority students comprise more than 90percent of the student body

35
Q

White flight

A

The general pattern of White families seeking schools with mostly White children

36
Q

What has research shown about reducing the gap between racial and ethnic gaps in educational achievement ?

A

Integration is key

37
Q

What has research shown about the gender gap in education and how it has changed over time ?

A

College-educated households first started giving strong encouragement to their female children, and later spread it to all households.

38
Q

What is the educational system like in Germany ?

A

Students at a young age are sorted into different tracks.
1) Vocational (no college)
2) Middle (prepares them for educations akin to community college)
3) Upper (university level)

39
Q

What is the educational system like in Sweden ?

A

Egalitarian System
- Schools receive the same funding
Tracks:
1) Vocational
2) Academic
Both types of students can go to college.

40
Q

What is the educational system like in Japan ?

A

Very intense, rigorous schooling
Tracks:
1) Vocational (students that dropped out of high school)
2) University (students compete for college admissions)

41
Q

Programne for International Student Assessment (PISA)

A

The PISA is an international examination given to a sample of students in more than 60 countries every three years since 2000. The tested students are all aged 15 and complete assessments on subjects such as mathematics, science, and problem solving

42
Q

What do PISA results highlight for the US educational system ?

A

American students on average are simply not learning as much as their peers in other countries

43
Q

What are the implications of a decentralized school system ?

A

1) Variations in funding
- both source and amount

44
Q

What is one way that the educational system can be improved through teachers?

A

The improvement of teacher training programs

45
Q

What three things does evidence suggest about moving to home schooling during the pandemic ?

A

1) Virtually all students were learning less
2) Low-income students were suffering from the impacts of remote learning at higher rates
3) Long term losses: less well educated students and lower economic growth

46
Q

What are the two main differences in educational practices between the US and other countries ?

A

Testing and tracking

47
Q

Testing

A

Most other nations with strong educational systems and high student achievement outside of East Asia are not testing students every year and are not judging teachers or school administrators by their students’ test scores

48
Q

No Child Left Behind

A

Some of the key provisions of this federal law are state-level annual tests of third to eighth graders in reading and math, plus at least one test for students in grades 10 through 12; States and districts are required to report school-level data on students’ test scores for various subgroups: Black, Latinx, Native American, Asian American, Whites, special education, limited English proficiency, and low-income students. NCLB financially rewards or punishes school districts and schools for the tested achievement of their students.

49
Q

Tracking

A

Placing students on certain “tracks” Honors, AP, Regular, Dual-Credit, based on their perceived abilities

50
Q

What is driving up college costs ?

A

1) State governments are providing far less support from taxes
2) Health care: health care expenses have risen dramatically over the past 40 years for everyone; the fact that colleges and universities continue to maintain their health programs means that those costs have also risen rapidly

51
Q

What are the consequences of these rising costs ?

A

1) Higher drop out rates
2) Larger loans

SOCIOL 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions