Sociocultural Approach Flashcards
Berry (1967)
- Aim: conformity in IvC
- Sample: 360 Temne, Inuit, Scottish
- Procedure: 9-line Asch replication
- Findings: Temne conform most, Inuit conform least
- Conclusions: C conform more than I
- Link: cultural norms and exposure to individualism
Bandura et al (1961)
- Aim: children imitate aggressive behaviour when prompted
- Sample: 72 3-6 yr children
- Procedure: 3 well-acquainted observers matched children by composite aggression scores, introduce model, and prime aggression
- Findings: boys more aggressive than girls, males are more physically aggressive, females more verbally aggressive, boys most aggressive with male model
- Conclusions: behaviour transference by observational learning
- Link: cognitive mediational processes, vicarious reinforcement, self-efficacy
Becker et al (2002)
- Aim: TV and disordered eating
- Sample: Fiji school girls, 1995 and 1998
- Procedure: semi-structured interview and EAT-26
- Findings: 12.7% v 29.2% EAT-26, 0 v 11.3% purging behaviour, 31% believed fed too much
- Conclusions: globalisation influences mental health
- Link: introduction of Western norms causes identity confusion
+ Method triangulation with interviews
- Imposed etic of EAT-26
Acculturation (5)
- Integrating into new cultural norms
- Migration creates new cultural identities
- Acculturative stress
- 4 strategies
- Reducing culture shocks for migrants
Social Identity Theory (5)
- Social identities vs individual selves
- Salience
- Categorisation and Identification
- Distinctiveness and Comparision
- Human desire to act in groups
Sherif et al (1954)
- Aim: group conflict and superordinate goal
- Sample: 22 11-12 yr boys
- Procedure: competition, reflection, collaboration, reflection
- Findings: Boys were more positive after collaborating
- Conclusions: superordinate goals reduce group conflict
- Link: superordinate goal reduces salience of group identity
- Ethics: Consent for children
- RM: Field Experiment
Globalisation (5+3/3)
Introduction
1. Delocalisation
2. Technology and trade
3. Western domination
4. Identity confusion
5. Global benefit
Holistic Evaluation
+ Promotes cultural diversity and a harmonious global identity
+ Raises mental health awareness
- Overgeneralising cultural dimensions
- Erodes cultural traditions
- Dynamic nature of culture
+ Reflexivity about biases
Enculturation (4)
- Internalisation and learning
- Reinforces cultural identity
- Social cognition or direct tuition
- Role of upbringing on children
Social Cognitive Theory (5)
- Imitation and observation by modeelling and reinforcement
- Cognitive Mediational Processes
- Self-efficacy
- Vicarious reinforcement
- Reciprocal determinism
Steele and Aronson (1995)
- Aim: stereotype threat on performance
- Sample: 114 Stanford students
- Procedure: verbal ability vs problem solving
- Findings: African Americans performed worse only in verbal ability condition
- Conclusions: stereotype threat affects performance
- Link: spotlight anxiety
Odden and Rochat (2004)
- Aim: vertical transmission of cultural norms
- Sample: 28 children
- Procedure: observe over 25 months
- Findings: knowledge of hierarchy and fishing is gained without explicit instruction
- Conclusions: observational learning is important to enculturation
- Link: reinforces cultural identity and traditions
Stereotype Formation (5)
- Cognitive misers
- Generalisation
- Relative representativeness
- Illusory correlation
- False association between group and trait
Cultures/ Cultural Norms (5)
- Dynamic sets of beliefs and values, described by cultural dimensions
- Surface and deep culture
- Cultural norms determine what is culturally appropriate behaviour
- Enculturation and acculturation
- Increasing role of globalisation
Hamilton and Gifford (1976)
- Aim: illusory correlation in stereotype formation
- Sample: 40 American graduates
- Procedure: 39 statements for A and B in 9:4 ratio, rank by 20 traits
- Findings: 74 v 54 positive, 55 v 65 negative
- Conclusions: illusory correlation forms stereotypes
- Link: illusion of relative representativeness
Stereotype Effects (5)
- Cognitive misers
- Generalisation
- Prejudice
- Stereotype threat, memory distortion, positive stereotypes
- Importance of eliminating stereotypes
Lueck and Wilson (2010)
- Aim: predictive factors of acculturative stress
- Sample: 2095 Asian Americans
- Procedure: Semi-structured interviews about acculturative stress by culturally relevant interviewers and back translation
- Findings: 70% had high acculturative stress, bilingualism, family cohesion, and economic status reduce acculturative stress
- Conclusions: integration reduces acculturative stress
- Link: positive relationship with cultural identities
Kulkosfky et al (2011)
- Aim: Cultural differences in FBM
- Sample: 274 China, German, Turkey, UK, US
- Procedure: Survey to recall significant event in past year
- Findings: FBM is stronger in individualist countries
- Conclusions: Cultural norms influence memory
- Link: Autonomous vs relational self-construal
- Ethics: Confidentiality
- RM: Survey
Cultural Dimensions (4)
- Describe general trend of behaviours
- 6 examples
- Change and delocalisation
- Increasing role of globalisation
Ogihara and Uchida (2014)
Aim: Achievement-oriented working environment on subjective well-being
Sample: 34 Japanese women working in achievement-oriented office.
Procedure: Questionnaires about individualistic orientation, subjective well-being and nature of personal relationships.
Findings: Achievement orientation correlated with poor well-being of few close relationships.
Conclusion: Globalisation leads to movement towards individualism
Link: Identity confusion
+ Questionnaire made by culturally relevant researchers
- Cross-sectional
RM and Ethics for SA
Individual and The Group RM: Sherif et al 1954 (Field Experiment)
Individual and The Group Ethics: Sherif et al 1954 (Consent for Minors)
Cultural Origins of Behaviour and Cognition RM: Kulkofsky et al 2011 (Surveys)
Cultural Origins of Behaviour and Cognition Ethics: Kulkofsky et al 2011 (Confidentiality)
Globalisation RM: Ogihara and Uchida 2014 (Correlation), Becker et al 2002 (Natural Experiment)
Globalisation Ethics:
