DPYr1 Theory Summary Flashcards
Summarize:
SIT
- existence of social selves separate from individualn identities
- salient identities are expressed more
- social categorisation, identification, and comparison, positive distinction
Holistic Evaluation
SIT
- abstract
- self-esteem is dissatisfactory explanation for discrimination
- RinI
Summarize:
SCT
- behaviours are learned from observation and modelling
- vicarious reinforcement
- reciprocal determination
- self-efficacy and triadic reciprocal causation
Holistic Evaluation
SCT
- abstract
- explains learning without trial-and-error (high heuristic validity)
- Charlton et al (2002): JKZ ((1986) variant measuring antisocial behaviour yielded no change
Summarize:
Stereotype Formation
- irrational fixed beliefs incorrectly generalised to a social group
- cognitive misers
- illusory correlation falsely correlates events
Holistic Evaluation
Stereotype Formation
- abstract
- impressions dissipate, suggesting memory distortion as an alternate explanation
- cognitive overload theoretically inhibits association
Summarize:
Stereotype Effects
- Stereotype threat: fear of confirming a negative stereotype undermines performances
- Negatives of Positives: disrespect of individuality
- Memory distortion: cognitive misers
Holistic Evaluation
Stereotype Effect
- abstract
- RinI
Summarize:
Cultural Differences
- dynamic sets of values shared between individuals
- influence attitudes, behaviours, and cognition
- enculturation/acculturation
Holistic Evaluation
Cultural Differences
- imposed etic crisis
- differences are difficult to explain
Summarize:
Cultural Dimensions
- Hofstede (1973): dimensions shape cultural behaviour
- PICIUM
PICIUM: power distance, individuality, confucian work dynamism, indulgen
Holistic Evaluation
Cultural Dimensions
- abstract
- imposed etic crisis
- origins of differnces in dimensions are difficult to explain
Summarize:
Enculturation
- internalisation, reinforcement and learning of values
- self-socialization or transmission
- direct tuition or observational learning (SCT)
Holistic Evaluation
Enculturation
- abstract
- explains rigidity of stereotypes
- variation in conformity to cultural norms
Summarize:
Acculturation
- exposure and adopting norms of another culture
- assimilation, integration, merginalisation and separation
- acculturate stress: conflct of cultural identities
Holistic Evaluation
Acculturation
- abstract
- high applicabiliity to support for international migrants
Summarize:
Globalisation
- delocalization towards a unified global culture heaviliy influenced by the most dominant cultures
- cultural distance and identity confusion
- local and global cultures
Holistic Evaluation
Globalisation
- abstract
- emic
- reflexivity about ecological fallacies
Holistic Evaluation
Multi-Store Model
- abstract
- oversimplification.
- Cowan (2010) questions temporal validity of Miller (1956)
Cowan (2010): running span procedure suggests 3-5 items
Holistic Evaluation
Working Memory Model
- support from clinical evidence
- oversimplification
- ambiguity over component interactions
Summary
Schema Theory
- cohesive, repetable action sequences possessing component actions that are tightly interconnnected and governed by a core meaning (Piaget, 1952)
- assimilation, accomodation
- internalisation
Holistic Evaluation
Schema Theory
- abstract (Cohen, 1993)
- does not account for individual differences
- oversimplification
