Methods, Samples, and Ethics

Question 1

Brain and Behaviour Ethics

Answer 1

Milner 1966 - Consent
Antonova 2011 - Protection from Harm

Question 2

Brain and Behaviour Research Methods

Answer 2

Maguire 2000 - Quasi-experiment
Porges et al 2017 - Correlation

Question 3

Hormones and Pheromones Ethics

Answer 3

Newcomer et al 1999 - Protection from Harm
McGaugh and Cahill 1995 - Protection from Harm

Question 4

Hormones and Pheromones Research Methods

Answer 4

Newcomer et al 1999 - True Experiment
Zhou et al 2014 - Quasi-experiment

Question 5

Genes and Behaviour Ethics

Answer 5

Caspi et al 2003 - Informed Consent
Weissman et al 2005 - Confidentiality

Question 6

Genes and Behaviour Research Methods

Answer 6

Caspi et al 2003 - Questionnaire
Weissman et al 2005 - Interviews

Question 7

Cognitive Processing Ethics

Answer 7

Milner 1966 - Consent

Question 8

Cognitive Processing Research Methods

Answer 8

Landry and Bartling 2011 - True Experiment

Question 9

Reliability of Cognitive Processes Ethics

Answer 9

Loftus and Pickrell 1995 - Debrief

Question 10

Reliability of Cognitive Processes Research Methods

Answer 10

Loftus and Palmer 1974 - Questionnaire

Question 11

Emotion and Cognition Ethics

Answer 11

Brown and Kulik 1977 - Confidentiality

Question 12

Emotion and Cognition Research Methods

Answer 12

Brown and Kulik 1977 - Questionnaire

Question 13

Individual and the Group Ethics

Answer 13

Sherif et al 1954 - Consent + Debrief

Question 14

Individual and the Group Research Methods

Answer 14

Tajfel et al 1970 - True Experiment

Question 15

Cultural Influences Ethics

Answer 15

Kulkosfky et al 2011 - Confidentiality

Question 16

Cultural Influences Research Methods

Answer 16

Fagot 1978 - structured, naturalistic, overt, non-participant observation

Question 17

Informed Consent

Answer 17

autonomy and respect for participants’ rights
* informed about procedure and risks of study
* voluntary participation
* consent from legal guardians
full disclosure may compromise study validity

Question 18

Deception

Answer 18

withholding or mispresenting information to participants to avoid demand characteristics which would compromise study validity, allows study of behaviour with reduced participant bias
* ethical only to maintain validity of study
* must not cause undue harm or stress
* debrief participants about deception
balance scientific validity with ethical obligations

Question 19

Confidentiality

Answer 19

securing participants’ personal information and reporting results such that they are not publicly identifiable
protects participants from professional/social/legal reprocussions
- confidentiality = keeping personal information secure
- anonymity - not collecting personal information
legal obligation challenges confidentality

Question 20

Debrief

Answer 20

explaining study purpose, procedure, findings and results
maintains integrity of psychological research
- no undue harm or distress
- informed of right to withdrawal
- retrospective consent is obtained
some studies require extended debriefing

Question 21

Right to Withdrawal

Answer 21

participants can discontinue participation without penalty or consequence
ensures voluntary participation
- participants informed before study begins
- applies to both participation and data usage
participant attrition compromises data results

Question 22

Protection from Harm

Answer 22

ensure the study does not expose participants to undue harm or stress
maintain integrity of psychological research
- researchers terminate trial if significant harm is detected
- measures to reduce psychological stress
- risk assessment necessary
unforeseen harm should be addressed promptly