Sociocultural Approach

Question 1

Berry (1967)

Question 2

Tajfel (1970)

Question 3

Joy, Kimball and Zabrack (1986)

Question 4

Rogers and Frantz (1961)

Question 5

Ogihara and Uchida (2014)

Question 6

Becker et al (2002)

Question 7

Acculturation (5)

Answer 7

1. Integrating into new cultural norms
2. Migration creates new cultural identities
3. Acculturative stress
4. 6 strategies
5. Reducing culture shocks for migrants

Question 8

Social Identity Theory (5)

Answer 8

1. Social identities vs individual selves
2. Salience
3. Categorisation and Identification
4. Distinctiveness and Comparision
5. Human desire to act in groups

Question 9

Sherif et al (1954)

Question 10

Miranda and Matheny (2000)

Question 11

Globalisation (5+3/3)

Answer 11

Introduction
1. Delocalisation
2. Technology and trade
3. Western domination
4. Identity confusion
5. Global benefit

Holistic Evaluation
+ Promotes cultural diversity and a harmonious global identity
+ Raises mental health awareness
- Overgeneralising cultural dimensions
- Erodes cultural traditions
- Dynamic nature of culture
+ Reflexivity about biases

Question 12

Fagot (1978)

Question 13

Bandura (1961)

Question 14

Enculturation (4)

Answer 14

1. Internalisation and learning
2. Reinforces cultural identity
3. Social cognition or direct tuition
4. Role of upbringing on children

Question 15

Social Cognitive Theory (5)

Answer 15

1. Imitation and observation
2. Self-efficacy
3. Vicarious reinforcement
4. Cognitive Mediational Processes
5. Reciprocal determinism

Question 16

Steele and Aronson (1995)

Question 17

Odden and Rochat (2004)

Question 18

Stereotype Formation (5)

Answer 18

1. Cognitive misers
2. Generalisation
3. Relative representativeness
4. Illusory correlation
5. False association between group and trait

Question 19

Cultures/ Cultural Norms (4)

Answer 19

1. Dynamic sets of beliefs and values
2. Surface and deep culture
3. Enculturation and acculturation
4. Increasing role of globalisation

Question 20

Hamilton and Gifford (1976)

Question 21

Martin and Halverson (1983)

Question 22

Stereotype Effects (5)

Answer 22

1. Cognitive misers
2. Generalisation
3. Prejudice
4. Stereotype threat, memory distortion, positive stereotypes
5. Importance of eliminating stereotypes

Question 23

Lueck and Wilson (2010)

Question 24

Kulkosfky et al (2011)

Question 25

Cultural Dimensions (4)

Answer 25

1. Describe general trend of behaviours
2. 6 examples
3. Change and delocalisation
4. Increasing role of globalisation

Question 26

Takano and Sogon (2008)