Socio-Cultural Influences Flashcards
Social Groups
- Gender
- Race/religion/culture
- Age
- Family/friends/peers
- Disability
Factors Affecting Engagement Patterns
- Attitudes
- Role models
- Accessibility (to facilities/clubs/activities)
- Media coverage
- Sexism/stereotyping
- Culture/religion/religious festivals
- Family commitments
- Available leisure time
- Familiarity
- Education
- Socio-economic factors/disposable income
- Adaptability/inclusiveness.
Definition of Commercialisation
To manage or exploit (an organisation, activity, etc) in a way designed to make a profit.
The specification refers to commercialised activity as being sponsorship and the media only.
Definition of Sponsorship
Provision of funds or other forms of support to an individual or event in return for some commercial return.
Definition of Media
Diversified technologies which act as the main means of mass communication.
Types of Sponsorship
- Financial
- Clothing and equipment
- Facilities
Types of Media
- Television
- Radio
- The Press
- The Internet
- Social Media
Definition of Etiquette
A convention or unwritten rule in an activity. It is not an enforceable rule but it is usually observed.
Definition of Sportsmanship
Conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport.
Definition of Gamesmanship
Attempting to gain an advantage by bending the rules to their limit (but not breaking them).
Definition of Contract to Compete
Unwritten agreement to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules. Unwritten agreement within sports where participants agree to do their best.
Process of Blood Doping
Blood doping involves the removal of blood a few weeks prior to competition. The blood is frozen and re-injected just before competition.
Side Effects of Blood Doping
- Thickening of blood (viscosity)
- Potential infection
- Potential for heart attack
- Embolism (blockage of vessel)
Types of PEDs
- Stimulants
- Narcotic analgesics
- Anabolic agents
- Peptide hormones (EPO)
- Diuretics
- Beta Blockers
Positives and Negatives of Beta Blockers
- Reduce heart rate, muscle tension and blood pressure
- Reduce the effects of adrenaline
- Improve fine control/preciseness.
- Nausea
- Weakness
- Heart problems.
Positives and Negatives of Anabolic Agents
- Muscle growth
- Speed up recovery time
- High blood pressure
- Increased risk of heart disease
Positives and Negatives of Diuretics
- Reduce the amount of water in the body by producing more urine
- Mask the presence of other banned substances in the urine
- Dehydration
- Nausea
- Kidney problems
Positives and Negatives of Narcotic Analgesics
- Reduce the feeling of pain
- Allows athletes to compete whilst injured
- Low blood pressure
- Nausea
Positives and Negatives of Peptide Hormones (EPO and HGH)
- Increased production of Red Blood Cells
- Increases muscle mass
- Thickened blood
- Increased blood pressure
- Strokes
- Heart attacks
Positives and Negatives of Stimulants
- Increase alertness
- Reduce fatigue
- Irregular heart rate
- Disrupt sleep patterns
- Diarrhoea
Positives and Negatives of taking PEDs
- Increased chances of success
- Fame
- Wealth
- Level playing field
- Cheating/immoral
- Associated health risks
- Fines
- Bans
- Reputational damage
Positives and Negatives of Spectators
- Creation of atmosphere
- Home-field advantage
- Negative effect on performance as a result of increased pressure
- Potential for crowd trouble/hooliganism
- Safety costs/concerns
- Negative effect on participation numbers amongst younger performers
Reasons for Hooliganism
- Rivalries
- Hype
- Fuelled by alcohol/drugs
- Gang culture
- Frustration
- Display of masculinity
Strategies to Reduce Hooliganism
- Early kick-offs
- All-seater stadia
- Segregation of fans
- Improved security
- Alcohol restrictions
- Travel restrictions/banning orders
- Education/promotional activity/campaigns and high profile endorsements
