Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Functions of the Skeleton

Answer 1

• Support
• Protection of vital organs through flat bones
• Movement
• Structural shape and points for attachment
• Mineral storage
• Blood cell production

Question 2

Components of a Synovial Joint

Answer 2

• Synovial Membrane
• Synovial Fluid
• Joint Capsule
• Bursae
• Cartilage
• Ligaments
• Tendons

Question 3

Functions of the Components of a Synovial Joint

Answer 3

• Synovial Membrane - Makes Synovial Fluid
• Synovial Fluid - Lubricates the join to allow it to move smoothly
• Joint Capsule - Prevents wear and tear on the bones
• Bursae - Fluid sacs which help to prevent friction in the joint
• Cartilage - Cushions the joint and prevents frictionand wear and tear on the ends of bones
• Ligaments - Connect bone to bone and stabilise the joint to prevent dislocation
• Tendons - Connect bone to muscle and allow a muscle to pull on a bone

Question 4

Adaptations of the Alveoli

Answer 4

• Large surface area
• Moist, thin walls
• SHort distance for diffusion
• Lots of capillaries
• Large blood supply
• High concentration gradient

Question 5

Muscles that help with Inhalation during Exercise

Answer 5

• Pectorals
• Sternocleidomastoid

Question 6

Muscles that help with Exhalation during Exercise

Answer 6

• Abdominals

Question 7

Definition of EPOC

Answer 7

The amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise.

Question 8

Immediate Effects of Exercise

Answer 8

• Hot/Sweaty/Red Skin
• Increase in depth and frequency of Breathing Rate
• Increased Heart Rate

Question 9

Short-term Effects of Exercise (up to 36 hours after)

Answer 9

• Fatigue
• Light headedness
• Nausea
• DOMS

Question 10

Long-term Effects of Exercise

Answer 10

• Body shape may change
• Build muscular strength
• Improve muscular endurance
• Improve speed
• Improve suppleness
• Build CV endurance
• Improve stamina
• Hypertrophy
• Bradycardia