Society and culture in change 1917-80 Flashcards
What was one gain for women from WWI?
19th Amendment - gave women the right to vote under the same state rules as men
What organisation was set up to encourage women to register to vote in 1920?
League of Women Voters
What group of women most benefited from the 19th Amendment post WWI?
Mainly educated white women
What was one job that the changing industries of the 1920’s created for women?
Working in a typing pool
SKIP
SKIP
Where did flappers at times go to without a male?
Jazz clubs and speakesies
What did a 1932 Women’s Bureau of Labour report on women in the meatpacking and slaughtering find?
That 97% of women working were either sole-earners or there to boost their husbands wages, not because they wanted to work.
Why did some view that the Women’s Buraeu was harming women’s progress during the Great Depression?
They limited women’s working hours to 10 per day and pressed for a minimum wage. This made them uncompetitive
What was one example of the CCC providing work for men?
Found work for 17-23 year old men replanting forests and digging resovoirs
How many men did the CCC employ?
2.5 million young men
What was the female equivalent of CCC work?
Camp Tera - 36 camps taking in 5,000 women a year; the work was unpaid and the training was in budget management
For every dollar that a man earned during the Great Depression, how much did white and black women earn?
White woman = 61 cents
Black woman = 23 cents
What was the iconic fictional character that urged women to war work?
Rosie the Riveter
What was the 1940 act that prepared to draft men into the military and trained women to fill men’s places?
1940 Selective Training and Service Act
What were some of the things women trained to work in with the 1940 Selective Training and Service Act?
Shipbuilding and aircraft assembly
What was the % of women working in 1940? Why was this?
16% - low due to childcare problems
By 1944, how many children were in childcare?
130,000
Roughly how many women were working in agriculture by 1943?
3 million
What did worker shortages mean for black women during WWII?
They could train for professions they would ave previously not been welcome in e.g nursing
What did some white women do in a Detroit rubber plant in response to black female colleagues?
Refused to share the restroom with them
What were some of the reasons women stopped work following WWII?
Societal pressures, choice or because federally funded day-care centres closed down in 1946
What did the percentage of 45-54 year old women in work increase to between 1940-1950?
10.1% to 22.2%
What percentage of men believed women shouldn’t work in 1936? What was this by 1942?
82% in 1936 - 13% by 1942
Who was a big housing developer in the 1950’s?
Levitt Homes
How many more people lived in suburbs in 1960 compared to 1950?
19 million more
What was the first and biggest national women’s rights movement?
National Organisation of Women (NOW)
What proportion of the workforce was women in 1963?
1 in 3 workers
What book did Betty Friedan publish in 1963?
The Feminine Mystique
What was NOW’s aims?
to work within the political system to get equality and better enforcement of the Civil Rights Act
The membership of NOW increased from 1,000 in 1967 to what by 1974?
40,000
What did the USA not sign up for in 1979?
UN policy of non-discrimination against women in all aspects of life
Before WWI, what policy did the US have towards migration?
Open door policy
What did the Dillingham Commission of 1911 into immigration find?
Southern and Eastern European immigrants were racially inferior
What was the Emergency Quota Act of 1921?
Restricted the number of immigrants to 357,000 per year.
Where did most of the workers in Ford’s factory come from?
Eastern Europe
What were Italian, German and Japanese Americans classed as when the US joined WWII?
Enemy aliens
How many Japanese were shut up in internment camps during WWII?
120,000 (75% of Japanese Americans)
After the fall of Saigon in 1975, how many Vietnamese refugees entered the US? By 1985 how many were there?
130,000 - by 1985 over 700,000
From what port did the Cuban govt allow migrants to flee from in 1980?
Port of Mariel
How long is the border between Mexico and the US?
3,169km - impossible to prevent illegal migration
By 1941, there were how many movie theatre seats across the US?
10.5mil
Shirley Temple was making 5,000 a week when the annual salary was how much per year in the 1930’s?
2,000
What was the voluntary ‘code’ which production companies created?
The Hays Code
What did the Hays code state?
Movies produced should improve society by being morally ‘good’
What part of the music industry had essentially been killed by the Great Depression
Record industry
Who was the priest that condemned the KKK using radio 1920-30?
Father Coughlin
