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Challenge & Change > Society > Flashcards

Society Flashcards

1
Q

What is REPRESSION?

A

Reverting back to an earlier life stage; showing child-like behaviours

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2
Q

What is DISPLACEMENT?

A

Redirecting emotions to a substitute target; gets in trouble at school then yells at mom

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3
Q

What is SUBLIMATION?

A

Redirecting “incorrect” urges into socially acceptable actions; working out to release pent up emotions

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4
Q

What is DENIAL?

A

Claiming/believing what is true to be actually false; assuming low grades are a grading error

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5
Q

What is PROJECTION?

A

Attributing uncomfortable feelings to others; closeted person thinking their same-sex friend is attracted to them

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6
Q

What is RATIONALISATION?

A

Creating false but credible justifications for particular behaviours; a person who illegally downloads music justifying it by artists not missing the few dollars

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7
Q

What is REACTION FORMATION?

A

Converting anxious thoughts into their opposites; pretending to be confident

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8
Q

What is SUPPRESSION?

A

Pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the unconscious; abuse being erased from personal memories

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9
Q

What are Freud’s DEFENSE MECHANISMS?

A

Repression, Displacement, Sublimation, Denial, Projection, Rationalisation, Reaction Formation, and Suppression

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10
Q

What are Freud’s STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT?

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital

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11
Q

What is the ORAL STAGE?

A
  • focuses on the mouth

- sucking, swallowing, etc

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12
Q

What is the ANAL STAGE?

A
  • focuses on the anus
  • withholding or expelling shit
  • shame about being gross or dirty
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13
Q

What is the PHALLIC STAGE?

A
  • focuses on the genitalia

- masturbation

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14
Q

What is the LATENT STAGE?

A
  • little to no sexual development or interest
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15
Q

What is the GENITAL STAGE?

A
  • focuses on genitalia again
  • sexual intercourse
  • final stage
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16
Q

What is the FIRST STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Physiological Stage

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17
Q

What is the PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGE?

A

Base needs; food, water, shelter

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18
Q

What is the SECOND STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Security

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19
Q

What is the SECURITY STAGE?

A

Safety, job, assets

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20
Q

What is the THIRD STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Social

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21
Q

What is the SOCIAL STAGE?

A

Intimacy, belonging, community

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22
Q

What is the FOURTH STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Esteem

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23
Q

What is the ESTEEM STAGE?

A

Selfworth, confidence, accomplishment

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24
Q

What is the FIFTH STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Self-Actualisation

25
Q

What is the SELF-ACTUALISATION STAGE?

A

Inner fufillment

26
Q

What did both FREUD and DURKHEIM look at?

A

Internal drives and motivation

27
Q

According to DURKHEIM, how does everyone contribute to society?

A

By performing a specialised task

28
Q

What is ANOMIE?

A

Not knowing expected behaviours, or being confused about them

29
Q

What was LEON FESTINGER’S theory?

A

Cognitive dissonance

30
Q

What is COGNITIVE DISSONANCE?

A

The perception of contradictory information

31
Q

What did MARX believe to be the levels of society?

A

Bourgeoisie, Petty Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, (POST-MARX, Precariat)

32
Q

What is the BOURGEOISIE?

A

Owners of property and means of production

33
Q

What is the PETTY BOURGEOISIE?

A

Middle class, small business owners

34
Q

What is the PROLETARIAT?

A

Working class

35
Q

What is the PRECARIAT?

A

Those with precarious employment

36
Q

What were KARL MARX’S main theories?

A

Labour Theory of Value and Alienation, Conflict Theory

37
Q

What is LABOUR THEORY OF VALUE AND ALIENATION?

A
  • the bourgeoisie does not want to cede control over production
  • keeping workers alienated through specialisation of production can keep the workers “controlled”
38
Q

What was ANTONIO GRAMSCI’S main theory?

A

Cultural Hegemony

39
Q

What is CULTURAL HEGEMONY?

A
  • society is dominated by one ruling class
  • their ideas eventually become the cultural norm
  • EX. consumption, people are taught to want the newest products
40
Q

Define HEGEMONY

A

leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others

41
Q

What was MAX WEBER’S main theory?

A

Ideal types

42
Q

What are IDEAL TYPES?

A

created ideal of how institutions and people should behave, address authority, etc…

43
Q

What did MELVIN SEEMAN do?

A
  • studied social isolation
44
Q

What were MASLOW’S theories?

A

Humanistic Psychology, Hierarchy of Needs

45
Q

What is HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY?

A

Full view of humanity which enforces the importance of the self.

46
Q

When did HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY start?

A

In the Renaissance

47
Q

What is the FIRST STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION

A

Powerlessness, one’s behaviour cannot create a desirable outcome

48
Q

What is the SECOND STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION

A

Meaninglessness, failure to make sense of the world

49
Q

What is the THRID STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION

A

Normlessness, social norms break down, no more guide for personal behaviour

50
Q

What is the FOURTH STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION

A

Self-estrangement, denial of personal interests

51
Q

What is the FIFTH STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION

A

Social isolation, withdrawal of normal activity and the experience of depression

52
Q

What is DEVIANCE?

A

Behaviour which violates the standards of a society

53
Q

What did ROBERT MERTON think about DEVIANCE?

A

Believed it to be mainly caused by society. Leads to membership in subcultures, an alternative system of values and beliefs that goes against dominant social values

54
Q

What were MERTON’S 5 DEVIANT TYPOLOGIES

A

Ritualists, Conformists, Innovators, Retreatists, and Rebels

55
Q

What is the RITUALIST TYPE?

A

Accepts the standards and the means, but not the cultural goals

56
Q

What is the CONFORMIST TYPE?

A

Accepts the goals and the means

57
Q

What is the INNOVATOR TYPE?

A

They accept the cultural goals, but may use unconventional means

58
Q

What is the RETREATIST TYPE?

A

Choose to leave society; reject values and means

59
Q

What is the REBEL TYPE?

A

Change society around them, reinvent goals and means

Challenge & Change (4 decks)

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