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Society Flashcards

1
Q

What is REPRESSION?

A

Reverting back to an earlier life stage; showing child-like behaviours

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2
Q

What is DISPLACEMENT?

A

Redirecting emotions to a substitute target; gets in trouble at school then yells at mom

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3
Q

What is SUBLIMATION?

A

Redirecting “incorrect” urges into socially acceptable actions; working out to release pent up emotions

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4
Q

What is DENIAL?

A

Claiming/believing what is true to be actually false; assuming low grades are a grading error

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5
Q

What is PROJECTION?

A

Attributing uncomfortable feelings to others; closeted person thinking their same-sex friend is attracted to them

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6
Q

What is RATIONALISATION?

A

Creating false but credible justifications for particular behaviours; a person who illegally downloads music justifying it by artists not missing the few dollars

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7
Q

What is REACTION FORMATION?

A

Converting anxious thoughts into their opposites; pretending to be confident

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8
Q

What is SUPPRESSION?

A

Pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the unconscious; abuse being erased from personal memories

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9
Q

What are Freud’s DEFENSE MECHANISMS?

A

Repression, Displacement, Sublimation, Denial, Projection, Rationalisation, Reaction Formation, and Suppression

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10
Q

What are Freud’s STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT?

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital

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11
Q

What is the ORAL STAGE?

A
  • focuses on the mouth

- sucking, swallowing, etc

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12
Q

What is the ANAL STAGE?

A
  • focuses on the anus
  • withholding or expelling shit
  • shame about being gross or dirty
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13
Q

What is the PHALLIC STAGE?

A
  • focuses on the genitalia

- masturbation

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14
Q

What is the LATENT STAGE?

A
  • little to no sexual development or interest
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15
Q

What is the GENITAL STAGE?

A
  • focuses on genitalia again
  • sexual intercourse
  • final stage
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16
Q

What is the FIRST STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Physiological Stage

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17
Q

What is the PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGE?

A

Base needs; food, water, shelter

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18
Q

What is the SECOND STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Security

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19
Q

What is the SECURITY STAGE?

A

Safety, job, assets

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20
Q

What is the THIRD STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Social

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21
Q

What is the SOCIAL STAGE?

A

Intimacy, belonging, community

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22
Q

What is the FOURTH STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Esteem

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23
Q

What is the ESTEEM STAGE?

A

Selfworth, confidence, accomplishment

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24
Q

What is the FIFTH STAGE of MASLOW’S HIERARCHY?

A

Self-Actualisation

25
What is the SELF-ACTUALISATION STAGE?
Inner fufillment
26
What did both FREUD and DURKHEIM look at?
Internal drives and motivation
27
According to DURKHEIM, how does everyone contribute to society?
By performing a specialised task
28
What is ANOMIE?
Not knowing expected behaviours, or being confused about them
29
What was LEON FESTINGER'S theory?
Cognitive dissonance
30
What is COGNITIVE DISSONANCE?
The perception of contradictory information
31
What did MARX believe to be the levels of society?
Bourgeoisie, Petty Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, (POST-MARX, Precariat)
32
What is the BOURGEOISIE?
Owners of property and means of production
33
What is the PETTY BOURGEOISIE?
Middle class, small business owners
34
What is the PROLETARIAT?
Working class
35
What is the PRECARIAT?
Those with precarious employment
36
What were KARL MARX'S main theories?
Labour Theory of Value and Alienation, Conflict Theory
37
What is LABOUR THEORY OF VALUE AND ALIENATION?
- the bourgeoisie does not want to cede control over production - keeping workers alienated through specialisation of production can keep the workers “controlled”
38
What was ANTONIO GRAMSCI'S main theory?
Cultural Hegemony
39
What is CULTURAL HEGEMONY?
- society is dominated by one ruling class - their ideas eventually become the cultural norm - EX. consumption, people are taught to want the newest products
40
Define HEGEMONY
leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others
41
What was MAX WEBER'S main theory?
Ideal types
42
What are IDEAL TYPES?
created ideal of how institutions and people should behave, address authority, etc…
43
What did MELVIN SEEMAN do?
- studied social isolation
44
What were MASLOW'S theories?
Humanistic Psychology, Hierarchy of Needs
45
What is HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY?
Full view of humanity which enforces the importance of the self.
46
When did HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY start?
In the Renaissance
47
What is the FIRST STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION
Powerlessness, one's behaviour cannot create a desirable outcome
48
What is the SECOND STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION
Meaninglessness, failure to make sense of the world
49
What is the THRID STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION
Normlessness, social norms break down, no more guide for personal behaviour
50
What is the FOURTH STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION
Self-estrangement, denial of personal interests
51
What is the FIFTH STAGE of SOCIAL ISOLATION
Social isolation, withdrawal of normal activity and the experience of depression
52
What is DEVIANCE?
Behaviour which violates the standards of a society
53
What did ROBERT MERTON think about DEVIANCE?
Believed it to be mainly caused by society. Leads to membership in subcultures, an alternative system of values and beliefs that goes against dominant social values
54
What were MERTON'S 5 DEVIANT TYPOLOGIES
Ritualists, Conformists, Innovators, Retreatists, and Rebels
55
What is the RITUALIST TYPE?
Accepts the standards and the means, but not the cultural goals
56
What is the CONFORMIST TYPE?
Accepts the goals and the means
57
What is the INNOVATOR TYPE?
They accept the cultural goals, but may use unconventional means
58
What is the RETREATIST TYPE?
Choose to leave society; reject values and means
59
What is the REBEL TYPE?
Change society around them, reinvent goals and means

Challenge & Change (4 decks)

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