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Challenge & Change > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

Popularised the term adolescence as a developmental phase between childhood and adulthood characterised by “vast emotional swings and opposing behaviours” in his theory of Storm and Stress.

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2
Q

SOCIALISATION

A

Learning the rules that govern social interaction, by internalising the values and norms of society.

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3
Q

What was ERIK ERIKSON’S Theory?

A

Psychosocial development theory, or Identity vs. Role Confusion

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4
Q

Psychosocial Development Theory

A
  • 8 stages with crises to solve at each
  • Primary motivation is social affiliation with others
  • Personality keeps developing throughout life
  • Identity is not a social construct, it is fashioned through intent and choice
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5
Q

DELAYED TRANSITIONS

A 
Shift to adulthood delayed because: 
- youth are more educated
- marriage comes later
- fewer children are had
- student debt
Home provides a free base where adolescents can live, which helps with rising cost of living
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6
Q

Socialised Anxiety Theory

A
  • Successful socialisation can be measured by quantity of anxiety in an environment
  • More imposed anxiety/stress = closer to maturity
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7
Q

Adolescent Egocentrism Theory

A

Many key features of adolescent behaviour:
- immaturity of thought process
- underdeveloped reasoning abilities (argumentativeness)
- extreme indecisiveness
- exaggerated self-consciousness
- thrill seeking behaviour
MOST PROMINENT FEATURE IS EGOCENTRISM

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8
Q

Main Beliefs of Adolescent Egocentrism

A

“Imaginary Audience” and “Personal Fable”

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9
Q

IMAGINARY AUDIENCE

A

Belief that other people are as interested in them as they are in themselves

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10
Q

PERSONAL FABLE

A

Belief that they are special and unique, above the rules that apply to the rest of society

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11
Q

What was DAVID ELKIND’S theory?

A

Theory of Adolescent Egocentrism

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12
Q

Dominant Value Directions

A
  • Teens develop lasting values in adolescence
  • Begin to commit to a world view
  • Teen undergoes rebirth; sees themselves as completely changed by adulthood
  • Gradually accepts dominant social value
  • Participates in their own growth through effort, self-control, and discipline
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13
Q

What was EDUARD SPRANGER’S theory?

A

Dominant Value Directions

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14
Q

What are Tweens?

A
  • Tweens—young adolescents
  • Ages 8-13
  • Distinct demographic, mainly in NA, but spreading
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15
Q

What are characteristics of Tween-agehood?

A
  • They are afforded more rights than younger children
  • Encouraged to express their individuality at a young age
  • Considered “stakeholders” in family, and influence consumer choice in the family
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16
Q

What caused “Tweens” to emerge as a demographic?

A
  • Later age of pregnancy
  • Marketing pressure for younger people to act and perform as adults
  • More indulgent parenting style
17
Q

Robert Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks

A
  • Accepting one’s masculine or feminine physique (?)
  • Developing healthy relations with peers of all sexes
  • Establishing emotional independence from one’s parents
  • Working towards economic independence and preparing for an occupation
  • Desiring and achieving socially responsible behaviour
  • Selecting a mate and preparing for family life
18
Q

What was ROBERT HAVIGHURST’S theory?

A

Developmental Tasks and Schema

19
Q

What was JEAN PIAGET’s theory?

A

Cognitive Development Theory

20
Q

What is the FIRST STAGE of Cognitive Development Theory?

A

Sensorimotor, 0-2 years

21
Q

What are the marks of the SENSORIMOTOR STAGE?

A
  • ages 0-2
  • Experiencing the world through their senses and related actions (hearing, seeing,
    touching, mouthing)
22
Q

What is the SECOND STAGE of Cognitive Development Theory?

A

Preoperational, 2-7 years

23
Q

What are the marks of the PREOPERATIONAL STAGE?

A
  • ages 2-7

- Able to represent objects with words and images. Intuitive reasoning is stronger than logical reasoning.

24
Q

What is the THIRD STAGE of Cognitive Development Theory?

A

Concrete Operational, 8-11 years

25
Q

What are the marks of the CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE?

A
  • ages 8-11

- Capable of thinking logically about concrete events, and developing a strong ability for mathematical operations

26
Q

What is the FOURTH STAGE of Cognitive Development Theory?

A

Formal Operational, 12+ years

27
Q

What are the marks of the FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE?

A
  • age 12+
  • Can move beyond concrete experiences and imagine hypothetical possibilities to help decode the world around them. Abstract reasoning is key in this stage.
28
Q

SEXUALISATION OF CHILDREN

A
  • Fashion industry has began marketing to younger and younger audiences
  • Anxiety results from attempts to conform to narrowly defined ideals
  • Development of eating disorders—anorexia, bulimia
  • Many attribute this trend to lack of self-esteem and the social value placed on physical beauty

Challenge & Change (4 decks)

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