Society Flashcards

1
Q

someone who can’t pay their debts

A

bankrupt, go bankrupt, be declared bankrupt

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2
Q

to do things that are morally wrong in order to get money or power

A

corrupt, morally corrupt

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3
Q

to reduce it or to reduce the amount of it that you use

A

cut back on smth

  • they’ve done a lot to cut back the bureaucracy
  • the bank is cutting back on staff
  • I’ve managed to cut back my coffee consumption
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4
Q

being in a very difficult situation and want or need something very badly

A

1) be desperate for something 2) be desperate to do something
- the hungrier people are, the more desperate they are
- he’s desperate to get a job
- the people desperately need food
- people are heading for the cities in desperation

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5
Q

examine all the facts that they can find about it in order to decide exactly what happened

A

an investigation into something

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6
Q

the process of investigation

A

1) an investigation is underway

2) an ongoing investigation

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7
Q

pure or total,

including everything that is possible or necessary

A

thorough

  • a thorough understanding of the business
  • a thorough investigation
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8
Q

verbs wich follow with investigation

A

conduct
launch
carry out

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9
Q

you don’t have enough money to pay for the things that you regularly have to pay for

A

make ends meet

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10
Q

the speed at which it happens // speed or rate

A

pace

the pace of something | (at) a slow/gentle/ leisurely pace | a brisk/fast pace

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11
Q

speed temp

A

a brisk pace

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12
Q

less business activity in a country

A

recession

  • an economic recession
  • the economy could sink into recession again
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13
Q

not enough of smth

A

shortage

  • there are a lot of water shortages
  • a desperate shortage of medical supplies
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14
Q

word, which describes people, who are not strict enough and if they allow things to happen that they do not want

A

be soft on smth/someone

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15
Q

work of teaching people

A

tuition

  • they put up tuition fees for students again
  • he gave us some extra tuition
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16
Q

weaken smth or make it less effective

= destroy, disrupt (пример с самооценкой)

A

undermine

  • criticising her will seriously undermine her confidence
  • their policies are undermining national unity
17
Q

attack someone violently

A

assault
physically/brutally assault someone | verbally assault someone
- she was savagely assaulted
- he was accused of assaulting a student

18
Q

successfully record smth

A

capture

- it was all captured on film

19
Q

to do everything that is involved in that particular task or piece of work

A

to carry out a task or a piece of work

  • we need to carry out more research
  • the police will carry out an investigation
  • they carried out a survey
20
Q

demand smth

A

claim / claimant

21
Q

a statement that someone makes which they say is true, but which some people believe is not true

A

claim

  • her claim is entirely false
  • the judge dismissed his claim
22
Q

a court orders a person or organisation to give you money because they have made you suffer in some way

A
  • win damages
  • award someone damages
  • claim damages
  • the court awarded her substantial damages
  • she’s claiming damages for the injuries she suffered
23
Q

someone who leaves school, college, or university before they finish their course of studies (noun + verb), OUT!

A

dropout (noun)

  • dropouts often complain that their classes were too boring
  • a pair of college dropouts who couldn’t find work
  • school dropout rates were rising
24
Q

it seems to be more than is necessary or reasonable

A

excessive

  • do something to excess
  • an excess of something

an excess of chemicals in the water | he drinks, but not to excess | cycling is a good way to lose excess weight

25
Q

a group that tries to influence people’s opinions or achieve political change

A

pressure group

  • an environmental pressure group
  • an anti-smoking pressure group
26
Q

make an official decision and announce it (verb) / judgments / courts (связано с правилом!)

A

rule that / rule in favor of someone / rule against

- the judge made a ruling in favour of the defendant

27
Q

they decide officially that the claim or decision was right

A

uphold

  • her claim was upheld in court
  • his conviction was upheld by the court of appeal
28
Q

opposite to uphold

A

overturn

29
Q

the fact of being present somewhere where you are meant to be or have paid to be

A

attendance

compulsory attendance | regular attendance | church/school attendance |

30
Q

a plant such as wheat or corn that is grown by farmers in order to sell

A

crop

a cash crop | a staple crop | grow/cultivate a crop

31
Q

trend or process involves something getting worse or decreasing (вниз)

A

downward

  • these measures could reverse the downward spiral
  • the downward population trend slowed down
32
Q

actions taken by a government or organisation to help solve a problem

A

measure

  • we need to implement a range of measures
  • the company is introducing new safety measures
33
Q

think about smth a lot

A

reflect on smth

- Paul reflected on an enjoyable and successful year

34
Q

collocates with straightforward

A
  • relatively/fairly straightforward
  • perfectly straightforward
  • a straightforward matter/case
35
Q

collocates with strain (быть под / и с фразовым глаголом)

A
  • be under strain
  • put a strain on something
  • this puts a great strain on scarce resources
  • the holiday put a real strain on our finances
36
Q

the amount of crops that are grown on it in one season

A

the yield of an area of land

- better farming techniques will increase crop yields