Socialization Slides

Question 1

agents of socialization

Answer 1

family, school, peer groups, mass media

Question 2

theories of socialization (biology)

Answer 2

Wilson and The Harlows

Question 3

theories of socialization (psychology)

Answer 3

Freud, Piaget, Kohlbert, Gilligan

Question 4

theories of socialization (sociology)

Answer 4

Cooley, Mead, Goffman

Question 5

theories of socialization - Wilson

Answer 5

Believed that war, peace, envy, competition, and cooperation are rooted in our genes
- Daly & Wilson’s (1998) study on the gendered nature of sexual jealousy

Question 6

theories of socialization - The Harlows

Answer 6

Studied the effects of social isolation on rhesus monkeys.
Isolation at a young age caused fear and hostility when introduced to others later in life
Isolated children: Anna and Genie

Question 7

theories of socialization - Freud pt 1 (id, superego, ego)

Answer 7

Believed our personalities were largely submerged in the unconscious (Id, Superego, Ego)
Id - demands immediate gratification (submerged in the iceberg diagram)
Superego - that part of the mind that has internalized society’s norms
Ego - seeks to balance the Id and the Superego

Question 8

theories of socialization - Freud pt 2 (stages of development)

Answer 8

Oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages of development, failure in any one of these stages results in:
Oral - dependant, smoker, drinker
Anal - excessively orderly, stubborn, overly generous
Phallic - homosexuality

Question 9

theories of socialization - Piaget

Answer 9

Children go through stages:
1. Sensorimotor - sensory contact
2. Preoperational - begin to use symbols
3. Concrete operational - take the role of others
4. Formal operational - abstract thought

Question 10

theories of socialization - Kohlberg

Answer 10

Stages of moral development:
1. Preconventional (punishment and obedience)
2. Conventional (peer influence primary)
3. Post conventional (moral conduct / human rights)

Question 11

theories of socialization - Gilligan

Answer 11

Critiqued Kohlberg
Said that moral development was gendered
- males are more concerned with law & order
- females are more concerned with the social consequences of social relationships

Question 12

theories of socialization - Cooley

Answer 12

The idea of looking in the mirror when it comes to your significant others
- Humans develop their identity by observing how they are perceived by others

Question 13

theories of socialization - Mead pt 1 (Me, I, Generalized other)

Answer 13

Three aspects of the social self
1. Me - we perceive ourselves from the standpoint of others (objective)
2. I - an active component that initiates action (subjective)
3. Generalized other - how we internalize social norms

Question 14

theories of socialization - Mead pt 2 (Stages of development)

Answer 14

Egocentric stage - inability to take on the role of others
Imitative stage - imitate others (police, doctor, etc)
Play stage - actually adopting social roles
Game stage - child gains on understanding of social expectations and rules