Chapter 7 Textbook

Question 1

modern sociology

Answer 1

evolved from the writings of eighteenth-century economists such as Adam Smith and Thomas Malthus

Question 2

Thomas Malthus

Answer 2

• predicted that dramatic population growth would inevitably lead to a scarcity of food and other resources
• warned that famine, disease, and war would “naturally” limit population growth unless other measures, including birth control and celibacy, were adopted

Question 3

Friedrich Engles

Answer 3

helped Karl Marx write the communist manifesto

Question 4

Karl Marx (2 more classes)

Answer 4

• petty/petite bourgeoisie (small businesses) and lumpenproletariat

Question 5

corporate (organic) identity (Marx)

Answer 5

there is a shared sense of purpose among members of each class

Question 6

class consciousness

Answer 6

means having an awareness of what is in the best interests of one’s class

Question 7

highland clearance

Answer 7

landowners were evicted because the bourgeoisie wanted to harvest sheep wool

Question 8

false consciousness

Answer 8

believe that something is in its best interest when it is not
proletariat false consciousness kept them from waging an open revolt against a system that was not working in their favour

Question 9

prestige, wealth, and power

Answer 9

• prestige is the degree of respect with which individuals, their socially values possessions, and their master statuses are viewed by the majority of people in society
• prestige can be turned into various forms of social power
• social power is the ability of individuals or groups to achieve their goals despite the opposition of others

Question 10

problem with Marx’s class in Canada

Answer 10

majority of Canadians would belong to Marx’s “workers” class, even though their incomes put them in the top 1% (which is considered bourgeoisie)

Question 11

problem with Marx’s class in Canada

Answer 11

majority of Canadians would belong to Marx’s “workers” class, even though their incomes put them in the top 1% (which is considered bourgeoisie)

Question 12

dominant capitalist class (Curtis, Grabb, and Guppy)

Answer 12

composed mainly of those who own or control large-scale production

Question 13

middle class (Curtis, Grabb, and Guppy)

Answer 13

a mixed middle category of small-scale business people, educated professional-technical or administrative personnel, and various salaried employees or wage earners possessing some certifiable credentials, training, or skills”

Question 14

working-class/proletariat (Curtis, Grabb, and Guppy)

Answer 14

made up of people who lack resources or capacities apart from their own labour power

Question 15

mobility sports

Answer 15

sports that offer people from poorer backgrounds the chance to reap large financial rewards as professional athletes

Question 16

professionalization

Answer 16

the rise in the cost of mobility sports (i.e. hockey)

Question 17

stratum

Answer 17

a group to which people belong depending on their level of income, education, or another social variable

Question 18

strata

Answer 18

used as units of analysis in stratified sampling, a research method in which equal samples are drawn from each stratum of the population instead of drawing one larger sample at random from the whole population

Question 19

quintile

Answer 19

a segment, or stratum, representing each of five equal groups into which the population is divided; each quintile represents 20% of the population

Question 20

family’s total net worth

Answer 20

what it has left once the value of its liabilities (such as debt) has been deducted from the value of its assets (mostly real estate and savings)

Question 21

how do you find income inequality?

Answer 21

ratio of wealth controlled by families in the highest and lower quintiles

Question 22

purchasing power

Answer 22

value of your wealth based on the cost of living in your city, town, village, etc

Question 23

ideology

Answer 23

set of beliefs about society & the people in it, usually forming the basis of a particular economic or political theory