Socialization and Norms Flashcards
What is life course perspective
focuses on the sequence of socially defined events and roles that the individual enacts over times, this draws attention to diversity
what is a nuclear family
heterosexual couple with children
define family of orientation
The family into which one is born and raised
define family of procreation
the family that one forms through domestic partnerships and the birth or adoption of children
what are fictive kin
people in our lives that we consider and relate to as family although they are not related to us
what is primary socialization
socialization that occurs during childhood
what is secondary socialization
socialization that occurs when a person who has already been socialized by their family is socialized into new contexts and roles
define emotional socialization
- early childhood parents assist in developing child’s emotional competence
- crucial for engaging with others in a meaningful and socially acceptable manner
define gender socialization
- shaping their constructions and performances of gender roles
- social expectations assigned to people based on their gender identities
define racial/ethnic socialization
understanding their children’s race and ethnicity, transmitting and learning what it means to belong to an ethnic group
define religious socialization
exposing children to religious people, institution and messages that can have lasting effects
define financial and work socialization
- families re economic units and sustain themselves by acquiring resources like food clothing and housing
- how money is used
define anticipatory socialization
occurs prior to taking an anticipated social role
define resocialization
experiencing the sudden onset
what are total institutions
bounded social setting apart from the outside world
define the term “looking glass self”
Cooley’s concept referring to how individuals develop self concept by observing how others perceive them
define ossification
a process whereby roles, over time, harden into parts of our self concept
define the term “boomerang”
returning to the parental home after living independently
define the term plastic sexuality
the rise of choice in our erotic and sexual expression
define “thin market”
situation of those social locations leave them with a few potential partners such as individuals in later life
what is stigma
shame associated with a social role or characteristic
what does Durkheim define social facts as
ways of acting, thinking, and feeling, external to the individual, and endowed with a power of coercion, by reason of which they control him
what are social norms
expectations of conduct in particular situations
what is a proscripted norm
tell people what they shouldn’t do
what is a prescripted norm
tells you what you ought to do
define a social role
a collection of norms that together convey expectations about appropriate conduct for persons in a particular position, often feel pressured to act different ways depending on what group you are with
what was happened in Theodore Caplow’s study of ‘Middletown’ America
- The gift selection rule: a gift should demonstrate familiarity with the receivers preferences, surprise the receiver, and should be priced in accordance with the emotional value of the relationship
- The Reciprocity rule: every year people should give and least one Christmas gift
- the scaling rule: the most money should be spent on a gift for your spouse than on children, if they have several children the should value children equally
what is informal societal integration
regulation of peoples behaviour in day to day life
what is formal societal integration
regulation of peoples behaviour through laws and police officers
what are the 5 strategies of control
- persuasion
- guilt
- shame
- gossip
- ostracism
What are the two steps in the process of becoming a member of society
- we enter and disengage from a succession of roles
2. we become aware of ourselves as we interact with others
what did George Herbert Mead say about primary socialization
argued that children acquire the capacity of role taking through their primary socialization
what is the preparatory stage
Imitation or role taking, learning that your a self that others react to
- up to age 3
what is the play stage
Anticipatory socialization involves taking on the norms an behaviours of the role to which we aspire
- ages 3-5
what is the game stage
beginning to look at yourself through the eyes of a group/team, gradually develop advanced role
- early school years
