Groups and organization Flashcards
what is a primary group
a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships
what is a crowd
a loosely connected group of people
what is a group
people who have relationships with one another
what is secondary group
a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
what is instrumental leadership
- group leader ship that focuses on the completion of tasks
- give orders, make plans
- focuses on performance
what is expressive leadership
- group leadership that focuses on the group well being
- less of an interest in achieving then raising group moral
- build personal, primary ties
what is authoritarian leadership
- instrumental concerns
- take personal charge
what is democratic leadership
- expressive
- including everyone in the decision making process
- develops creative solutions
what is ‘laissez-faire’ leadership
- allows the group to function more or less on its own
- doesn’t achieve many group goals
- well suited for groups with members who are capable of working independently
what is an in-group
- social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty
- generally hold higher opinions of themselves and more negative views on out-groups
what is an out-group
a member feels a sense of competition or opposition
what are three ways in which social diversity influences intergroup conflict: Peter Blau
- Large groups turn inward - the larger the group is the more likely people are to have relationships within themselves
- Heterogenous groups turn outward - the more internally diverse the group is the more likely they are to interact with outsiders
- Physical boundaries create social boundaries - when a group is physically segregated from one another the less likely they are to interact with other people
what are the three types of formal organizations
- Utilitarian organizations - works for money, pays people for their efforts, generate profits, business, it is a choice to be a part of said organization
- Normative organizations - not for income but to pursue a goal you think is morally right, voluntary, community service groups
- Coercive organizations - involuntary, a form of punishment, prison, treatment, supervised, isolate people
what are George Ritzers four principles (McDonaldization)
- Efficiency - anything done quickly is “good”
- Predictability - guide the performance of every job to be the most efficient
- Uniformity - mass produced according to standard form
- Control - automated machines
