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SOCI 101 > Socialization > Flashcards

Socialization Flashcards

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1
Q

the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

A

socialization

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2
Q

a person’s fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking and feeling

A

personality

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3
Q

What 2 basic human opposing forces did Freud identify

A

Eros (love) and Thanatos (death)

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4
Q

What are the three parts of Freud’s personality model

A

1: Id
2: Ego
3: Superego

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5
Q

Id involves

A

basic drives

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6
Q

Ego involves

A

works to achieve balance

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7
Q

Superego involves

A

culture within

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8
Q

Jean Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development

A
  1. Sensorimotor stage
  2. Preoperational stage
  3. Concrete operational stage
  4. Formal operational stage
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9
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

experience world through senses

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10
Q

preoperational stage

A

use of lamnguage and other symbols

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11
Q

concrete operational stage

A

perception of causal connections in surroundings

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12
Q

formal operational stage

A

abstract, critical thinking

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13
Q

What are Lawrence Kohlberg’s 3 stages of Moral Development

A
  1. Preconventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Postconventional
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14
Q

Preconventional stage

A

Children experience pain or pleasure

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15
Q

Conventional

A

Young people do what pleases parents/conforms to social norms

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16
Q

Postconventional

A

ability to consider abstract ethical principles.

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17
Q

Carol Gilligan’s comparison of Boys and Girls moral development

A
  • Boys develop justice perspective

- Girls develop care and responsibility perspective

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18
Q

justice perspective

A

formal rules define right and wrong

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19
Q

care and responsibility perspective

A

personal relationships define reasoning

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20
Q

George Herbert Mead’s 4 components of the self

A
  1. Not there at birth
  2. develops from social experience
  3. social experience = exchange of symbols
  4. understanding intention requires imagining the situation from the other’s point of view.
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21
Q

the part of a personality composed of self-awareness and self-image

A

The Self

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22
Q

Charles Horton Cooley’s looking glass self

A
  • Others represent a mirror in which we see ourselves

- What we think of ourselves depends on what we think others think of us.

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23
Q

Mead’s I and me

A

I: subjective element of self
Me: objective element of self

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24
Q

How do Mead’s I and Me appear in social interaction?

A
  • we initiate action (I-phase)

- We continue based on how other’s respond (me-phase)

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25
Q

Who is a significant other

A

People (ex, parents) who have special importance for socialization

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26
Q

Generalized other

A

Widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating others

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27
Q

what are the three roles the self can take

A
  • no one
  • one
  • many
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28
Q

Erik H. Erikson’s 8 Stages of development

A

1: Infancy
2: Toddlerhood (3)
3: Preschool (4-5)
4: Preadolescence (6-13)
5: adolescence (teen years)
6: Young adulthood
7: Middle adulthood
8: Old age

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29
Q

Challenge of an infant

A

establish trust in a safe world

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30
Q

Challenge of a toddler

A

learn skills to cope with the world in confidence

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31
Q

Challenges of a preschooler

A

learn to engage their surroundings and experience guilt at failing to meet others’ expectations

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32
Q

Challenges of a preadolescent

A

enter school, make friends, feel proud of accomplishments or like they don’t measure up.

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33
Q

Challenges of adolescent

A

identify with others, want to be unique, experience confusion of identity

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34
Q

Challenges of young adulthood

A

form/maintain intimate relationships while having a separate identity

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35
Q

Challenges of middle adulthood

A

contribute to the lives of others or become self-centered

36
Q

challenge of old age

A

look back on life with satisfaction or despair

37
Q

What are the 4 agents of socialization

A
  1. Family
  2. School
  3. Peer Group
  4. Peers
38
Q

Socialization role of the family

A
  • provide safe/caring environment
  • teach skills/values
  • social/ethnic/racial/class identity
39
Q

Socialization role of school

A
  • enlarges social world
  • socialization of gender roles
  • hidden curriculum/bureaucracy
40
Q

Socialization role of peer groups

A

group whose members have common interests, social position, age

41
Q

Socialization role of peers

A
  • forming relationships
  • Parental concern about peer influence
  • Anticapatory socialization
42
Q

Learning that helps a person to achieve a desired position

A

anticapatory socialization

43
Q

mass media

A

means for transmitting info from 1 source to vast number of people

44
Q

social media

A

media that allows communication with one another

45
Q

How many hours of TV do canadian adults watch? (2017)

A

24.6 hours per week

46
Q

What does television and internet surfing take away from?

A
  • Interaction with family/peers
  • Exercise
  • Productivity
  • Health
47
Q

How does the media mirror social inequality?

A

Poor representation of minorities and women

48
Q

violence code

A

regulation on violence in mass media

49
Q

What is the general life course of a person

A
  • Childhood
  • Adolescence
  • Adulthood
  • Old age
50
Q

childhood (birth through 12)

A
  • carefree learning/play

- grounded in culture

51
Q

adolescence (teen years)

A
  • turmoil of cultural inconsistencies

- varies according to social class

52
Q

adulthood (early: 20-40s, middle: 40-65)

A
  • managing daily affairs
  • circumstances are set
  • concerns over health/career/family
53
Q

Old age (mid-60s and older)

A
  • more seniors than teenagers in Canada

- More visible in everyday life

54
Q

the study of aging and the elderly

A

gerontology

55
Q

What are the predictable signs of aging (7)

A
  1. Greying of hair
  2. Wrinkles
  3. Declining energy
  4. Loss of height/weight
  5. decline in strength/vitality
  6. sensory changes
  7. risk of chronic illness/conditions
56
Q

A form of social organization in which elders have the most wealth, power and prestige.

A

gerontocracy

57
Q

Where does a gerontocracy occur

A

pre-industrial society

58
Q

prejudice and discrimination against the elderly

A

ageism

59
Q

what have pensions achieved

A

decline in rates of poverty among the retired

60
Q

What is the life expectancy of a canadian

A

78.8 years for men and 83.3 years for women

61
Q

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s stages of dying (5)

A
  1. Denial
  2. Anger
  3. Negotiation/bargaining
  4. Resignation
  5. Acceptance
62
Q

Are the stages in life biological or social

A

Reflect biological changes, are socially constructed

63
Q

What factors shape the life course (5)

A
  1. Age
  2. Class
  3. Race
  4. Ethnicity
  5. Gender
64
Q

A category of people with a common characteristic, usually their age

A

Cohort

65
Q

A setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff

A

Total institution

66
Q

3 characteristics of a Total Institution (Erving Goffman)

A
  1. Staff supervise all daily life activities
  2. Environment is standardized
  3. Rules and daily schedules dictate routines
67
Q

Radically changing a person’s personality by carefully controlling the environment

A

resocialization

68
Q

2 parts of the resocialization process

A
  1. Break down of new inmates identity

2. Subject to “mortifications of self”.

69
Q

Example of resocialization in a total institution

A

Prison

70
Q

mortification of self

A

kiling of the concept of self through searches, head-shaving, assigning a serial number in place of a name

71
Q

how do prison staff rebuild someone’s personality

A

rewards and punishments

72
Q

what are the two possible outcomes of someone leaving prison

A
  1. Rehabilitation

2. Reinstitutionalized.

73
Q

the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance

A

Dramaturgical analysis

74
Q

A person’s efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others

A

Presentation of self

75
Q

how is the self a performance

A

we convey information to others as we present ourselves

76
Q

Examples of Nonverbal Communication (3)

A
  1. Body movements
  2. Gestures
  3. Facial expressions
77
Q

The way we act and carry ourselves

A

demeanor

78
Q

How does gender affect use of space

A
  • men command more space/territory

- Women are miniscule/dainty

79
Q

Which gender is more sensitive to non-verbal communication

A

Women

80
Q

Constructed performances to idealize our intentions

A

Idealization

81
Q

Discomfort after a spoiled performance (losing face)

A

Embarrassment

82
Q

Helping someone “save face” so that “reality” is not swept away

A

Tact

83
Q

Role of culture in socialization (3)

A
  • defines what triggers emotions
  • Provides rules for emotinoal display
  • guides how we value emotions
84
Q

Foundation of humour

A

A contrast between conventional/unconventional realities

85
Q

Dynamics of humour

A

“getting” the contrasts of realities heightens humour

86
Q

Functions of humour

A

Safety valve

“It was just a joke”

87
Q

How does humour liberate some while oppressing others

A

by acting as a “put down”

SOCI 101 (4 decks)

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