Socialization

Question 1

Define nature (The Biological Approach)

Answer 1

Our actions and feelings stem from our biological roots

• most of our behaviour is determined by our genetic make up

Question 2

Define nurture (The Environmental Approach)

Answer 2

Social forces and the social environment create human experience

Question 3

Define Socialization

Answer 3

The lifelong process by which we learn our culture, develop our personalities, and become functioning members of society

Question 4

How do we evaluate the biological approach (nature)?

Answer 4

We evaluate it with Sociobiology - a science that uses evolutionary theory and genetic inheritance to examine the biological roots of social behaviour

-physical and behavioural differences are the result of natural selection

Question 5

The factors influencing the people we become are defined not by ______, but rather by _______

Answer 5

The factors influencing the people we become are defined not by nature, but rather by nurture

Question 6

How do we evaluate the environmental approach (nurture)?

Answer 6

By Socialization - the lifelong process by which we learn our culture, develop our personalities, and become functioning members of society

*We need social interaction to become the person we are*

Question 7

What is Social Isolation and Feral Children?

Answer 7

When children are deprived of human contact, they have limited intellectual capacities, limited experience with love or human interaction, and do not grasp language

Question 8

What is an example of an isolated child?

Answer 8

A five year old girl named Anna that was tied to a chair.

She was malnourished, minimal amount of care, no human interaction - no intellectual capacities, could not speak

Question 9

Our ____________ gives us the capacity to be social beings, but it is the process of _______________that enables us to develop that capacity.

Answer 9

Our genetic makeup (nature) gives us the capacity to be social beings, but it is the process of social interaction (nurture) that enables us to develop that capacity.

Question 10

Define Social interaction

Answer 10

All of the ways that people interact in social settings while recognizing each person’s experiences and intentions

Question 11

What are the two types of Socialization?

Answer 11

1) Deliberate - teaching you how to behave, socializing you on purpose
2) Unconscious - indirectly teaching someone how to behave

Question 12

Symbolic Interactionism:

Define self

Answer 12

A set of learned values and attitudes which develop through social interactions

Question 13

Symbolic Interactionism:

Self-image

Answer 13

The conception that one has of oneself

Question 14

What are the two elements of self?

Answer 14

I- the element of self that is spontaneous, creative, impulsive and at times unpredictable

Me - helps control the I, the self-reflective part of the consciousness that thinks about how to behave (behaving appropriately in that situation)

Question 15

Define Significant others

Answer 15

Those around us whom we want approval from

EX. parents, peers

Question 16

Define Generalized others

Answer 16

The attitudes, viewpoints and expectations of society that are internalized

Question 17

Define role-taking

Answer 17

The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another (to put yourself in someone else’s shoes)

Question 18

What are Mead’s 3 stages to the development of Self

Answer 18

1) Preparatory Stage (birth to age 3)-forming the I - learning imitative ways
2) Play stage (ages 3 to 5) - involved in play, can take on more then one role
3) Game stage (elementary school years) - multiple roles/ positions

Question 19

Which type of Socialization is when the children learn the attitudes and values of others?

Question 20

Which type of Socialization occurs through participation in more specific groups with defined roles and expectations?

Answer 20

Secondary Socialization

Question 21

Whcih type of Socialization occurs when preparing for future roles in society?

Answer 21

Anticipatory Socialization

Question 22

Which type of Socialization occurs when children begin to socialize their parents?

Answer 22

Reverse socialization

Question 23

Which person has the concept of looking glass self?

Answer 23

Cooley

Question 24

Looking Glass self :

Identity consists of which three elements?

Answer 24

1) We imagine how we must appear to others
2) We imagine the judgment of that appearance
3) We develop our self through the judgments of others

Question 25

Define total institution

Answer 25

A setting in which people are isolated from society and supervised by an administrative staff

• When daily life is supervised, standardized, and dictated by rules and schedules

*Sense of self is destroyed*

Question 26

Who studies a total institution (mental hospital) and the resocialization process?

Answer 26

Goffman, he wrote Asylums

Question 27

Define Resocialization

What are the 2 steps?

Answer 27

Radically changing an individuals’ personality by carefully controlling the environment

1) Mortification of the Self
2) Formation of new identity

Question 28

Define Agents of Socialization

Answer 28

The individuals, groups, and social institutions that work together to help people become functioning members of society

Question 29

What are the 4 primary agents of Socialization?

Answer 29

1) Family
2) Peers
3) Education
4) Mass Media

Question 30

What part of Socialization is the family responsible for?

Answer 30

To help learn values and attitudes, gender roles, social classes, and ethnic identities

• Social Learning Theory
• Gender Stereotyping (assignment of beliefs to men and women that are not based on fact)

Question 31

When are peers important in Socialization?

Answer 31

The importance of peers increases in adolescence

Question 32

What part of Socialization is Education responsible for?

Answer 32

Where we learn knowledge and skills, but also social roles

• Hidden curriculum
• Gender socialization

Question 33

Define Hidden curriculum

Answer 33

The unconscious informal, and unwritten norms and rules that reinforce and maintain social conventions

Question 34

What does Mass Media provide for socialization?

Answer 34

Provides subtle socialization

• Communication produced by a few people for consumption of the masses

Question 35

What are the 5 stages of the death course?

Answer 35

1) Denial
2) Anger
3) Bargaining (making a deal with God)
4) Depression
5) Acceptance

Question 36

Define Geontology

Answer 36

The scientific study of old age and aging

Question 37

Define Euthanasia

Answer 37

The deliberate ending of the life of a person who has an incurable or painful disease

Question 38

Define assisted suicide

Answer 38

Intentionally killing oneself with help from others

Question 39

Define Mortification of Self

Answer 39

The first stage of the resocialization process, in which a person’s existing identity is stripped away