Education

Question 1

Formal education

Answer 1

Occurs in institutional settings

- Tend to be organized by the state

Question 2

Informal education

Answer 2

Stresses societal norms and values, working to socialize the next generation

Question 3

Educational Institutions are responsible for what?

Answer 3

Responsible for the transmission of knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes deemed desirable

Question 4

Residential School

Answer 4

• Earliest of formal education

- Re-socialize aboriginal kids people to become ‘civilized’

Question 5

Mass Education (a common moral education)

Answer 5

• tax-supported elementary schools in Canada
• Divided education by gendered expectations
• Industrialization and immigration
• Viewed as essential to economic development

Question 6

Which province was first to offer free compulsory education?

Answer 6

Ontario; then other followed in the early 1900s

Question 7

What did the gendered expectation in education reinforce?

Answer 7

The notion that girls and boys have different occupational and social roles

• Girls = nurturing occupations (nursing, teacher)
• Boys = vocational trades or advanced studies

Question 8

Massification

Answer 8

Significant rise in post secondary educational attainment

- in 2010, more then 60% of those over 25 had some form of post-secondary education

Question 9

Education leads to _______, ________, ________ and _______

Answer 9

Education leads to jobs, greater income, improved health and a good standard of living

Question 10

Credential inflation

Answer 10

The ever-increasing cache of educational credentials required for a particular job

Question 11

What are factors students rely on when looking into which university to attend?

Answer 11

Institutional & program reputation, campus location, campus safety, financial costs

Question 12

Women now account for almost ____ % of undergraduates

Answer 12

60%

Question 13

Women constitute of ___% of teachers but only __% of principals

Answer 13

64% but only 22%

Question 14

Women represent just over ____ of all university faculty positions

Answer 14

1/3

Question 15

Chilly climate (Feminist)

Answer 15

The lack of warmth or encouragement that girls and women feel in school as a result of sexism

Question 16

What are some changes with post-secondary institutions?

Answer 16

• Gov funding has declined dramatically
• Less professors but more students = bigger classes
• Higher tuition
• Corporate models
• Secure external funding = cant research controversial subjects
• Quality and accountability = quantitative assessments rather than quality based

Question 17

McDonaldization (Ritzer)

Answer 17

The notion that universities are expected to function in ever more efficient ways, with a high degree of predictability and standardization

Question 18

Neil Curtis is highly critical of a consumer model of education. What does he worry will happen due to McDonaldization?

Answer 18

He worries that setting up the professor-student relationship as a salesperson-customer relationship will produce students who lack the capacity for independent thought, are hesitant to take risks, and will not pursue self-directed learning

Question 19

What are 5 things that lead to McDonaldization?

Answer 19

1) Efficiency = drive-thru, fast
2) Calculability = not worried about quality, worried about # of sales
3) Predictability
4) Control through technology = identified by our student #, can’t be customized (burger)
5) Irrationality of rationality = huge line at the drive-thru even tho it should be efficient

Question 20

Academic Integrity

Answer 20

Cheating; over half of undergraduates admit to cheating

Question 21

What do students apply when thinking about academic integrity?

Answer 21

They apply the rational choice theory

Question 22

Why has there been a rise in academic dishonesty?

Answer 22

There is a rise because students need higher grades to get into a specific college

Question 23

Functionalism:

What is Parsons view on Schools as a social system?

Answer 23

Schools need to both serve and reflect the values and interests of the society in which they operate

Question 24

Through which two functions do schools help maintain equilibrium of the social system?

Answer 24

1) Allocation = grades, diplomas, certificates, degrees (acts as a sorting mechanism for future roles in society)
2) Socialization = assimilation (teaches students how to function in the larger society)

Question 25

Hidden Curriculum (Functionalism)

Answer 25

The informal aspects of schooling that influence ans shape students by teaching them to be obedient, to value competitiveness, etc.

Question 26

Meritocracy

Answer 26

A society in which resources are distributed fairly on the basis of merit

Question 27

What are the criticisms of Functionalism?

Answer 27

• Reproduces the status quo

- Clings to the idea of society as a meritocracy, ignoring one’s social location

Question 28

What do Conflict Theorists believe about Education?

Answer 28

• Schooling serves the capitalist aims of profit and compliant workers
• Students from privileged class backgrounds are more likely to continue to higher levels of schooling
• Schools work to prevent social class mobility
• Tuition rates reproduce class inequality

Question 29

What are the criticisms of the Conflict Theory?

Answer 29

• Pessimistic

- Leaves no room for agency

Question 30

Correspondence principle (Conflict Theory)

Answer 30

The principle whereby structures of workplaces are reflected in the structures of schools

Question 31

How do Symbolic Interactionism Theorists view Education?

Answer 31

• Examine the meanings attached to school practices
• Focuses on interactions during the schooling process and the outcome of those interactions
• Labeling and the self-fulling prophecy (assuming kids to do worse then other, so they do)

Question 32

How do Feminist Theorists view Education?

Answer 32

Sexism is embedded in both school text and in classroom practices (ok for boys to answer without raising their hand, but girls are corrected if they dont lift their hand)

Question 33

Feminist Theory:

What are some gendered patterns of interaction?

Answer 33

• Boys have more classroom interaction with teachers
• Behaviour that is accepted from boys is corrected in girls
• Sexism is not as prevalent in course texts
• Hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity are reinforced in schools

Question 34

Hegemonic masculinity (Connell)

Answer 34

The dominant culture form of masculinity that changes both over time and from place to place
- In Canada it is associated with white, middle-class heterosexual men

Question 35

Emphasized femininity (Connell)

Answer 35

The dominant culture form of femininity that is constructed in relation to hegemonic masculinity
- In Canada it is associated with white, middle-class heterosexual women

Question 36

Instead of acting as the great equalizer for girls and boys, school ____________________

Answer 36

reproduce and regulate particular normative constructions of masculinity and femininity

Question 37

How do the multiculturalism and anti-racist approaches tend to differ?

Answer 37

Multiculturalism = political doctrine, ideology, ignores trying to minimize inequality, promotes tolerance for diversity
Anti-racist = central to how we claim, occupy, and defend space; want to challenge the values that perpetuate systematic racism

Question 38

How do Anti-Racist Theorists approach education?

Answer 38

Commitment to create classroom spaces that enable students to think through and question assumptions about the world

Question 39

Cultural capital

Answer 39

Refers to a set of usable resources (skills, habits, manners) that can translate into economic and social success

Question 40

Children from _________ classes come to school with greater cultural capital

Answer 40

Higher classes

Question 41

Which type of of culture is taught in schools? (Bourdieu)

Answer 41

Only the culture of the dominant; schools reproduce existing power relations- they are not value neutral

Question 42

How do Post-Structuralist Theorists view Educational materials (textbooks)?

Answer 42

It allows us to uncover the discursive structures of dominance that are presented to Canadian students as truth