Socialism in Europe & the Russian Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Liberals

A
  • Supported Tolerance of all Religions.
  • Supported elected Parliamentary government and a Independent Judiciary.
  • Wanted to safeguard induvidual rights.
  • Opposed the Monarchy.
  • Opposed Universal Adult Franchise ( Only Men to Vote ).
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2
Q

Radicals

A
  • Supported Majority based Government.
  • Supported Women voting rights.
  • Supported equally distributed private property.
  • Opposed privileges of big landowners and factory owners.
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3
Q

Conservatives

A
  • Earlier opposed the idea of change but later changed their mind.
  • Wanted the past to be respected.
  • Wanted change at a slow pace.
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4
Q

Russian Economy and Industries in 20th Century.

A
  • 85% revenue = agriculture.
  • Few Industries [ St Petersburg & Moscow ].
  • New Factories Setup near Rail - Coal (2x) while Iron/Steel (4x)
  • Industries were corporate.
  • Large factories - supervised by the Government (min. wages and work hours).
  • Work hours exceeded 15hrs in small factories and workshops.
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5
Q

Russian Society in 20th Century.

[ Workers and Peasants life ]

A

Industrial Regions:

  • Workers were divided based on skill. ( i.e. Metal workers is superior )
  • Women were payed less than men.
  • Workers were united when they fought against employers.

Countryside:

  • Peasants cultivated on land owned by nobels, crown and church.
  • Peasants were divided based on religion but were united against the nobels.
  • Peasant community was called commune (mir).
  • They wanted land of nobels to be given to them. They refused to pay rent and murdered landlords.
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6
Q

How were the Russian Peasants different from other Europeans?

A

Russian Peasants accumulated their land together (collectivise) and later divided the land based on family needs.

They were considered natural socialist.

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7
Q

List the reasons responsible for the 1905 revolution.

A
  • In 1904, rising prices of essentials decreased Real wages by 20%.
  • Four members of Putilov Iron works were dismissed.
  • Workers in demanded for reduction of work hours and increase in wages.
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8
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

On Sunday of 1905, a procession of workers lead by Father Gapon reached the winter palace to present a petition to the Tsar. They were attacked by the police and the Cossacks. Many workers were killed and wounded.

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9
Q

Aftermath of Bloody Sunday

[ Events and Tsar’s Reaction ]

A

Events which took place,

  • Strikes spread throught Russia.
  • Universities closed down after students had lack of civil liberty.
  • Doctors, lawyers, engineers established a Union of Union and demanded for a Constituent Assembly.
  • Trade Unions and Committees were established.
  • Severe restriction was placed on Political Activity.

Reaction of the Tsar,

  • Tsar allowed creation of Elected Consultative Parliament, i.e., Duma.
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10
Q

First World War in Russia

[ How was it fought? Did Russia lose to any army? ]

A
  • Armies fought the war in two directions, i.e., Eastern & Western.
    Eastern army - left large casualties
    Western armies - fought along trenches in Eastern France.
  • Russian armies lost badly against Germany and Austria between 1914 and 1916.
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11
Q

Effects of the First World War in Russia

A
  • 3 million refugees.
  • War affected the industry. Economy was hit badly.
  • By 1916, railway lines began to breakdown.
  • All men were called to war - Lead to shutdown of small workshops.
  • Large supplies of grain was sent for the army - As a result food scarcity began.
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12
Q
A
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