Socialism

Question 1

Fundamentalist Socialism

Answer 1

Capitalism should be overthrown
Revolutionary socialists think that this should be through a violent revolution, but evolutionary socialists think that this should be gradually

Collectivism is the belief that society can only be transformed by people working together and pooling together their resources. The interests of the group always take priority over the interests of the individual

Question 2

Socialism (x3 Agreements)

Answer 2

All socialists seek foundational equality and equality of opportunity, though there are debates over ABSOLUTE EQUALITY

All socialists believe in fraternity and that humans should work together for the common good

Capitalism hurts the working classes and the economy should serve society, not greedy individuals

Question 3

Revolutionary Socialism (x3)

Answer 3

Revolutionary socialism advocate for a violent revolution, as the bourgeoisie will never voluntarily give up their privileged position

Revolutionary socialists believe that the state is an instrument of class oppression, as it defends capitalism

Revolutionary socialists seek to establish collectivism, absolute equality, and abolish private property, replacing common ownership

Question 4

Rosa Luxembourg

Answer 4

A REVOLUTIONARY FUNDAMENTALIST socialist

Capitalism should be overthrown via a revolution but believed that genuinely democratic state should replace it

Strikes are useful for bringing about a socialist revolution

Question 5

Marx and Engels

Answer 5

Revolutionary fundamentalist socialist

A violent revolution is necessary ‘Let the ruling classes tremble at the communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains’

There should be collectivism as people should work ‘from each according to his ability to each according to his need’

The bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat as labour add value, not enterprise

Question 6

Anthony Giddens

Answer 6

Third-way socialism

Capitalism is inevitable and the free-market should be embraced as economic growth benefits everyone

Equality of opportunity

Too much welfare spending leads to a ‘culture of dependency’. Tony Blair thought that benefits should be a ‘hand-up not a hand-out’

Question 7

Third Way Socialism

Answer 7

Also known as neo-revisionism, Third Way socialism accepts the importance of the free-market and rejects the redistribution of wealth and state intervention]

Equality of opportunity of wealth rather than absolute equality

Meritocracy and a ‘competition state’

Question 8

Anthony Croslan

Answer 8

Democratic socialists can bring about socialist change through high levels of government spending

As a revisionist socialist, Crosland believed that Keynesian economics in a mixed economy could deliver social equality

Abolishing private schools will break down class divides

Question 9

Revisionist Socialism

Answer 9

Unlike fundamental socialism, revisionist socialism holds that socialism is not necessarily incompatible with capitalism

Question 10

Beatrice Webb

Answer 10

A fundamentalist evolutionary socialist

The ‘inevitability of gradualness’ puts that socialism will be established wherever there is democracy

Wrote Clause IV of the Labour Party’s constitution which is ‘common ownership of the means of production’

Nationalisation and a paternalist state will bring about social justice

Question 11

Evolutionary Socialism

Answer 11

Supports overthrowing capitalism, but gradually