socialisation, culture, identity rdu paper 1 Flashcards
what did albert cohen (functional subcultural functionalist) believe about the w/c
w/c youths were most likely to participate in low cultural activities, and most likely to commit crime
mead and culture, tribes (3)
- found different patterns of male and female behaviour for each culture
- Arapesh men and women were gentle
- mundugumar men and women were violent
bourdieu and cultural capital
the m/c achieved in education due to their economic and cultural advantage. the curriculum is more familiar to m/c children
nayak (2003) and white wannabes
used to describe white, british males who dressed, spoke and acted in a way that was influenced by black, hip-hop culture, a famous example being ali g
mcluhan and global village (2)
- inevitable product of technological advancement, one that would bring both challenges and opportunities as humanity adapted to the new, interconnected world.
- the shift from a print-based society to an electronically mediated one would have profound effects on culture, politics, and society.
what do functionlists say about socialisation? (4)
-most children grow up to be law-abiding citizens who conform to societies expectations, if there is successful socialisation
-parsons described the family as a ‘personality factor’
-parents produce children with identities that ‘fit’ social expectations of society eg. using rewards and punishments
-parents act as role models and encourage children to imitate their behaviour eg. language, work ethic
what do the new right believe about socialisation?
argue that socialisation in modern society is becoming less effective as a result of increasing trends like divorce and absent fathers
hewitt and white british identity (2)
- britain has seen a white backlash from the white WC against what they perceive to be preferential treatment of ethnic minorities
- this has encouraged a new form of white British nationalism or identity, a good example would be the EDL.
what do interactionists believe about socialisation? (4)
-in families, it’s a two-way process because it is negotiated
-parents/careers learn from their children
-socialisation is not a universal process shared in the same way by everyone
-socialisation could be influenced by: peers, age of parents, social class, rural vs urban, ethnicity/culture
what do conflict sociologists (fem+marx) believe about socialisation? (2)
-the function of a primary socialisation is to ensure children grow up accepting inequality as facts of life
- socialisation is therefore the w/c or girls accepting conformity and subordination
agents of socialisation: religion. what does it do
reinforces basic, moral codes eg. ‘do not kill’ ‘do not steal’ and the value of monogamous relationships
agents of socialisation: religion. sociological example
butler (1995) muslims girls adapted some of their religious beliefs to fit with the circumstances around them. religion plays a big part in society, and it can be affected by the place/culture
agents of socialisation: religion. example in society
iran: in 1960’s, very americanised, girls wearing short skirts and bikinis, wanted this to change, reason why it’s so strict
agents of socialisation: education. what it does (3)
- formal education: provides the opportunity to learn through the official curriculum
- informal education: learning outside of the classroom
- hidden curriculum: what isn’t officially on the school timetable eg. punctuality
agents of socialisation: education. sociological example (2)
cultural deprivation theory: those at the bottom of the class system are deprived of norms and values, which are required for educational success.
fatalistic: they accept the situation rather than improving it, lack ambition (douglas)
bowles and gintis (1976) schooling and the hidden curriculum (2)
- schools do more than teach academic subject
- they also socialise students into roles that maintain the capitalist system, and the hidden curriculum plays a crucial role in ensuring the reproduction of social inequalities
agents of socialisation: education. example in society
hidden curriculum: punctuality, respect, social skills
agents of socialisation: the media. what is does
teaches us that high levels of consumption are normal. through the over representation of skinny, beautiful and young people
agents of socialisation: the media. sociological example (young 2002)
argues that the lower w/c live in a bulimic society: an inclusive society which focuses on consumption of material possessions as a route of happiness
agents of socialisation: the media. example in society
the sun and daily mail: all negative in society
agents of socialisation: peer groups. what it does
we rely on our peers for fun. for emotional comfort and support and for companionship. downside of friendships is called peer pressure. conformity: following along with majority
agents of socialisation: peer groups. sociological example
alder and alder (1998) studied group of white m/c teenagers in usa. peer groups are very important within the lives of these children. as cliques form and some groups gain a higher status than others
agents of socialisation: peer groups. example in society
charlie howard: gay man who drowned due to being pushed by 3 teens in 1984. teens were conforming
what do functionlists say about the role of social control? (3)
-necessary and beneficial to all
-ensures people are correctly socialised into norms and values
-ensures dysfunctions are dealt with quickly and that there is a swift return to equilibrium