Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

sociology yr1 > introduction to theory > Flashcards

introduction to theory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

value consensus

A

an informal agreement on what is right and important in our society. we are socialised into these values to make sure everyone agrees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

structuralist theory

A

functionalists believe that society has a huge influence and shapes individual behaviour, society structures our behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

body analogy + example

A

functionalists believe that society works like a body eg. the human body grows and develops as with society, the body fights diseases: society has its mechanisms to deal with problems when they occur eg. police

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sanctions + example

A

rewards or punishments for certain actions eg. a parking ticket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

socialised + example

A

being brought up with how to act and what is socially right eg. manners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

conflict theory

A

fighting against something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bourgeoisie

A

the middle-class in society. they own the means of production (factories and mills) they exploit whoever they can in order to gain as much profit as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

proletariat

A

the lower-class in society. They work for the proletariat and don’t get paid fair wages, so are exploited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

infrastructure + example

A

economic means of society eg. forces of production (raw materials of producing food and technology) these are owned by the bourgeoisie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superstructure + example

A

political, economic and legal institutions that keep the infrastructure strong eg. family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

oppression

A

pressing down. the bourgeoisie oppress and press down on the proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

exploitation

A

taking advantage of people who don’t have ownership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ideology + how its used according to Marx

A

a false picture of reality and society. the bourgeoisie use this to brainwash the proletariat into accepting their ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

false consciousness

A

the proletariat believing the ideologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

revolution

A

a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

communism

A

everyone in society is completely equal and on the same level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

socialism

A

proletariats in charge, at the top of the chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

weber’s level of cause

A

explaining the objective structural factors that shape behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

weber’s level of meaning

A

understanding the subjective meanings that individuals attach to their actions, but you need context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 types of action according to weber: instrumentally rational action and eg

A

doing something for the end goal eg. going to university

21
Q

4 types of action according to weber: value rational action and eg

A

the value comes from the action rather than the end result, the process eg. boxing

22
Q

4 types of action according to weber: traditional action and eg

A

what you would do in your family eg. pray

23
Q

4 types of action according to weber: affectual action and eg

A

action that expresses emotion eg. anger

24
Q

how does weber’s definition of social class differ from marx’s?

A

you can evaluate your status eg. by volunteering, there is more to it than wealth and what you physically own eg. a car

25
Q

charismatic power and eg

A

devotion to a leader because they have good qualities eg. hitler

26
Q

traditional power and eg

A

based on customs in society eg. the royal family

27
Q

rational legal power and eg

A

we have given them power because we share similar values eg. the army

28
Q

structural theories (4)

A

comment on what they see (whole society, institutions shape individual action, macro, top down approach (future is already determined)

29
Q

structural sociologists (3)

A

Durkheim, Marx, Firestone

30
Q

social action theories (4)

A

ask individuals as they shape and build society, bottom up approach (we build our society) , voluntaristic, micro

31
Q

social action sociologists (3)

A

weber, mead, becker

32
Q

feminisms: radical (3)

A

men use their selective power to ensure society is run in their interest, threaten physical and sexual violence, ideological control: double standards

33
Q

radical solution

A

artificial wombs, separatism (men and women not living together)

34
Q

feminisms: liberal (2)

A

people should be treated according to their individual merits (talents and effort) and not sexual characteristics, should enjoy same privileges and opportunities as men (standing side by side)

35
Q

liberal solution

A

use the law to promote equal opportunities

36
Q

feminisms: marxist (3)

A

women are not treated equally in work, women are a ‘reserve army of labour’, women given free housework which isn’t paid

37
Q

marxist solution

A

a communist society would end gender roles

38
Q

feminisms: black (2)

A

ethnic minority women suffer from a double oppression (racism and patriarchy) feminism doesn’t address issues specific to E.M women eg. forced marriage

39
Q

black solution

A

end racism

40
Q

premodern (stage 1) (5)

A
  • religion proves all explanations
  • religion helps with education and health
  • heavily influenced by supernatural
  • limited travelling (horse, foot)
  • cottage industry
41
Q

modernity (stage 2) (3)

A
  • industrial revolution: created factories, big machines, trains
  • enlightenment: gradual increase in science
  • increase in capitalism
42
Q

post modernity (stage 3) (2)

A

-mechanisation
-choice and change

43
Q

meta-narratives

A

big story about our world eg. feminism

44
Q

criticism of post-modernism

A

social structures are not freely, simply chosen

45
Q

what % of pupils are eligible for free school meals 2022/23

A

24% (2 million)

46
Q

how does inequality start early? (2 stats)

A

-by the age of 3, children from disadvantaged homes are up to a year behind in their learning from those from privileged backgrounds
-children from w/c backgrounds were less likely to be found in nursery or preschools

47
Q

a level results fsm students compared to non fsm students 2022/23

A

fsm: 79.2% non-fsm: 87.8%

48
Q

what % of exclusions in schools in 2021/2022 were from fsm students?

A

59%

49
Q

how do university applications affect fsm students?

A

fewer than one in five young people from the lower social class groups participate in higher education

sociology yr1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions