Socialisation And Our Social Environment Flashcards
What is primary socialization?
Primary socialization is the initial training given by parents and sibling when the child is at infant stage. At this stage, the child is taught how to speak the language, eat, politeness, neatness among others.
Example sentence: During primary socialization, children learn basic skills and behaviors from their family.
What is secondary socialization?
Secondary socialization is the further training that the individual receives in the school, community, church and other places after her initial training in the home.
Example sentence: Secondary socialization occurs when individuals learn societal norms and values outside of their family.
What is anticipatory socialization?
Anticipatory socialization is the process where the individual tries to copy the lifestyle of a popular person in or outside his or her community. The individual copies the patterns of behaviour of his or her cherished role model.
Example sentence: Anticipatory socialization can involve adopting the habits and behaviors of a desired mentor.
What is socialization
Socialization is a conscious effort by the older generation to pass on the culture of the society to the individual or the younger generation.
What is re-socialization?
Re-socialisation is the process of socialization whereby the individual totally neglects the values he or she learns at home and picks up new patterns of behavior. Re-socialization may take place from peers or from a change of environment.
Example: A person moving to a new country and adapting to the local culture.
Examples of agencies of socialization
Some of these agencies include the home, the school, religious bodies, media, and community.
Who are agents of socialization?
The actual carriers of the work of socialization are called agents of socialization. The agents actually come into contact with the individual and effect the change which may be positive or negative. If the effect is positive, it is beneficial to the individual and nation. However, if the effect is negative, the individual and the nation lose. The agents include family members, teachers, peers, priests, imams, elders, opinion leaders, peer groups, military, police, and organizations.
Example sentence: Teachers play a crucial role as agents of socialization in shaping students’ behavior.
Mention three importance of primary socialization to development of individuals/ What is the role of the family in the socialisation process?
Primary socialization provides a sense of security and support
Primary socialization provides domestic and occupational training
Primary socialization provides a way for the transmission of culture
Primary socialization promotes co-operation
With primary socialization there’s a provision of physical needs
Inculcates basic discipline
Gives the children a sense of identity
Mention four roles the mass media plays in the socialization of an individual in society
the mass media is in charge of providing information on social and political events
The mass media provides education
The mass media provides entertainment
The mass media promotes cultural preservation.
The mass media also installs attitudinal change meaning depending on what is shown on TV and individual can change their life. For example, documentaries shown about HIV/AIDS and drug addiction can help others know about the effects of it and practice chastity
Provides skill training
What is the role of the school in the socialization of an individual?
The school helps in the provision of academic knowledge
School helps in the formation of an individual’s character
School provides occupational or intellectual skills
School also helps in the transmission of culture
Provision of sporting activities and games
Inculcates values such as punctuality
Mention four factors that affect the family in its attempt to socialize an individual
Negative influence of peers
Influence of foreign culture
Demands of work on the parents
The problem of divorce
Economic difficulties
Urbanization
Formal education
Religion
What is meant by peers?
This refers to individuals of the same age group
Mention three importance of peer groups in socialization
They offer opportunity for language training
The give support individuals to become independent
They provide shelter and protection to members
They ensure interaction among members
They provide emotional needs such as affection and comfort and acceptance
They provide entertainment
Provision of teamwork and co-operation
Assistance in studies
Mention two importance of socialization to a nation
Socialization prepares the young to acquire skills necessary to enter the economy
Socialization helps the individuals achieve his or her personal goals and aspirations
Socialization helps the individuals elevate his or her national Identity
Socialization enables the individual to participate in his or her environment
Preserves the culture of a society
Provides a sense of security and belonging
Mention three effects of lack of socialization
There will be a problem of lack of cultural preservation
The breakdown of extended family system
low productivity as a result of work ethics
Resources will be channeled into maintaining the law and others thereby slowing development
There will be breakdown of public or social morality
Mention four ways of promoting socialization in our society
Moral education should be pursued actively in the society
Children should be encouraged to participate actively in cultural programs
The youth should be helped to develop good patterns of behavior in school, churches and in the home
The schools need to teach family life education
Cultural festivals must be encouraged in the nation
Define social environment
This is the kind of interaction or interpersonal relationships that exist in a given community or group of people guided by certain principles and norms to ensure/ enhance good neighbourliness
Define group interest
refers to the desires cherished by either a majority of the people or those who matter in society
On the other hand selfish desires of a person are known as individual interest
Mention the types of groups in society
Good citizen
Bad citizen
Passive citizen
What is meant by a good citizen
This is a person who is often seen helping his fellow men without seeking personal gain and anxious to do what he or she can do to help improve his or his society
What is meant by a bad citizen
A person who thinks only of himself and does not care about others
Who is a passive citizen
This is a person who is selfish and has not learned that if everyone is helped and work together it is better. This person is apathetic to community work and are a useless burden on the community or society
Mention three factors which promotes group interest in society
Respect for other people’s rights
Right type of education
Conflict resolution
Fair distribution of national wealth
Games and sports
Honouring deserving citizens
Define deviant behavior
This is an absurd/ unpleasant individual behavior where some members of the society do not want to conform to the rules, norms and laws of that society
What are the two types of deviance that can be found in society
Primary deviance and secondary deviance
Define primary deviance
This is not a permanent lifestyle of the individual. It can be characterized by petty stealing of fruits and others. It can be easily stopped or checked.
What is meant by secondary deviance?
This is a well organized and ethical behavior of an individual or group which may result in he or she being imprisoned.
Mention three causes or reasons for deviance in society
Breakdown of family system
Poverty profile or an equal distribution of social wealth
Peer group pressure
Cultural borrowing or media influence
Limited religious education in the home and in schools
The desire to become rich overnight (poverty)
Generation gap
Exposure to foreign cultures
Drug influence
Unemployment
Mention two effects of deviant behaviors
The individual is looked down upon or is ostracized
There is high cost of combating and controlling deviance
Strained family ties
It leads to break down of law and order
There is insecurity,social unrest and stagnation in the development of the society.
Health problems
Death
What are some measures to control the problem of indiscipline behavior/deviant behaviour in society?
There is the need to introduce a mechanism to reduce the problem of deviance behavior that is prison service, the court snd tribunal system, and police service
Encouraging religious and moral education
Good parental care and control
Songs of ridicule during festivals and at schools
Provision of guidance and counseling
Provision of employment
Enforcement of discipline in schools
Ritual sanctions
Banishment
Traditional courts of chiefs
Mention three measures to promote better social environment
The police service and courts must be established and properly equipped to deal with society problems.
The citizens must be given their right education.
Minor conflicts should be promptly settled so that they don’t develop into unmanageable dimensions.
Individuals must know the limits of his or her rights as a citizen.
Mention three ways the police service can be made more effective to maintain law and order.
The use of modern technology in its operation
the conditions of work of the police service must be improved.
there is the need to establish more training depots with modern facilities to produce efficient officers.
Adequate vehicles must be given for the policemen to be mobile.
Recruitment must take into account the population of the country
Formal and in service training
What is Occupational socialisation?
This is where the individual learns the values, beliefs and norms of a new occupation or organisation
Mention 2 reasons why the school is failing to socialise a child
Laying more emphasis on academic knowledge
Inadequate qualified teachers
Inadequate infrastructure and materials
Overloaded curriculum
Influence of other agentyof socialisation
Influence of mass media
Mention 3 reasons why the mass media is failing in the socialisation process
Exposure to pornographic materials
Exposure to criminal activities
Fanning ethnic and political sentiment
Mention 3 factors that hinder the promotion of interpersonal relationships
Selfishness
Suspicion
Greed
Envy
What is individual interest
This is the desires cherished by an individual
Mention 3 examples of deviant behaviour
Homosexualilty
Armed robbery
Drug abuse
Juvenile delinquency
Indiscipline
Prostitution
Disrespect for authority
Bribery and corruption
Mention 3 ways by which the police maintains law and order
Arresting suspected criminals
Crowd control at political and social gatherings
Protection of life and property
Detecting and investigating cases
Public education
Offering incentives to helpful citizens
Enforcement of traffic regulations
Settling of disputes
Give 3 measures that help to make prisons better reformative homes
Effective vocational training
Provision of religious and moral education
Provision of guidance and counseling
Rehabilitation of structures in prison
Provision of social amenities
Effective management and supervision
Better working conditions for officers
Public education
