Socialisation Flashcards
It is a lifelong process that helps **individuals
understand **societal norms, accept beliefs, and recognize societal values, shaping their
self-images and self-identity through human
interaction.
Socialisation
1st experiences with language, values, beliefs,
behaviors, and norms of your society.
Primary Socialization
Learning the psychological and social traits
associated with a person’s sex.
Gender Socialization
Where children learn the behaviors, values, and
attitudes associated with racial groups.
Race Socialization
Norms, values, traits, and behaviors you
develop based on the social class you’re in.
Class Socialization
Where people learn to take on the values and
standards of groups that they plan to join.
Anticipatory Socialization
Where children become socialized outside the
home, often starts with school.
Secondary Socialization
Members have interests, social positions, and
age in common.
Peer Groups
Language acquisition, relationships, rules,
initial social interactions, morals, role models,
and behavior.
Agents of socialisation
Family
Activities and Trends
Agents of Socialisation
Peers
Grammar, rules, social setting, and values.
Agents of Socialisation
School
Social interaction, rules governing activities.
Agents of Socialisation
Clubs/Social Groups
Employment, money, rules, roles.
Agents of Socialisation
Work
Stereotypes, trends, how to act.
Agents of Socialisation
Media
Laws, sense of security, sanctions of
punishment.
Agents of socialisation
Government
Values, love for others, meaning of life,
guidelines on how to live.
Agents of socialisation
Religion
personality is influenced by genetics, attitudes, and biological relationships.
Nature
identity is shaped by our upbringing, relationships with others, environment, and
culture.
Nurture
Charles Horton Cooley
Theories of Socialisation
Looking Glass Self
We learn who we are through social interaction, influenced by our personal qualities and
impressions of others.
Theories of Socialisation
Looking Glass Self
Our self-results can develop based on incorrect perceptions of others, forming the “Looking
Glass Self.”
Theories of Socialisation
Looking Glass Self
Looking glass self
We imagine our appearance to others, including friends, relatives, and strangers.
Process of self-identity
Step 1
Looking glass self
We interpret others’ reactions and make decisions based on how others evaluate us.We imagine our appearance to others, including friends, relatives, and strangers.
Process of self-identity
Step 2
Looking glass self
We form a self-concept and develop feelings about ourselves, such as respect for shame, based on our experiences and impressions.
Process of self-identity
Step 3
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George Herbert Mead
Theories of socialistion
Emerging self
The self is the sum of people’s perceptions, beliefs, and feelings about themselves, emerging in stages and influenced by specific
people and periods.
Theories of socialistion
Emerging self
Emerging self
children imitate their environment, particularly family members, using symbols as a tool.
stages of Emerging Self
Preparatory or Imitation Stage
Emerging self
a crucial stage where children learn to imitate others’ actions, pretend to be others, and engage in role-taking.
stages of Emerging Self
The Play Stage (3-6 y/o)
Mentally assuming another’s
perspective and responding
from that imagined viewpoint.
The Play stage (Emerging self)
Role-taking
Emerging self
At age 8/ 9, children
begin to consider multiple tasks and relationships simultaneously, grasping their roles and status and others around them.a crucial stage where children learn to imitate others’ actions, pretend to be others, and engage in role-taking.
stages of Emerging Self
Game stage
most essential individuals for
self-development.
Game stage (Emerging self)
Significant Others
include attitudes, viewpoints, and
societal expectations that
influence a child’s behavior.most essential individuals for
self-development.
Game stage (Emerging self)
Generalised Others
Erving Goffman
Theories of socialisation
Presentation of self
Altering self-image
to satisfy audiences.
Presentation of Self
Impression Management
Resembles performers in action.
Presentation of self
Dramaturgical Approach
Involves efforts to maintain a
proper image and avoid public
embarrassment.
Presentation of self
Face-work
The self is a social product influenced by
others.
Psychological approach to self
Sigmund Freud
focuses on self-gratification.
Sigmund Freud
Id
conscience, focusing on
culture, norms, values, and morals.
Sigmund freud
Superego
balances the two, with the
potential for compromise when the id dominates.
Sigmund Freud
Ego
Jean Piaget
Psychological Approach to Self
Cognitive Theory of Development
Young children use their senses to make discoveries, differentiate
themselves from objects, recognize themselves as agents of action, and achieve object permanence.
Cognitive Theory of Development
Sensorimotor
Birth-2 years
They use touch, motion, and noise to understand and interact with objects.
Cognitive Theory of Development
Sensorimotor
Birth - 2 years
Children use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas, learn language, represent objects, and classify objects by features.
Cognitive Theory of Development
Pre-operational
5-7 years
Struggle with egocentric thinking and taking others’ perspectives.
Cognitive Theory of Development
Pre-operational
5-7 years
Children develop logical thinking,
object classification, and conservation of numbers, mass, and weight while recognizing and ordering objects in series along a single dimension.
Cognitive Theory of Development
Concrete operational
7-11 years
Adolescents develop sophisticated abstract thinking, logically deal with ideas and values, test hypotheses
systematically, and become concerned with hypothetical, future, and ideological problems.Children develop logical thinking, object classification, and conservation of numbers, mass, and weight while recognizing and ordering objects in series along a single dimension.
Cognitive Theory of Development
Formal operational
11 and up
