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UCSP > Conformity and Deviance > Flashcards

Conformity and Deviance Flashcards

1
Q

Deviant behavior, belief, or condition deviates from social norms, causing confusion and
conflicting perceptions among different groups.

A

Deviance

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2
Q

Deviant person may also be a ____ in another sub-group

A

Conformist

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3
Q

Actions that are not what people accept

A

Deviance

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4
Q

Deviance depends on:

A
  • time
  • Place
  • Situation
  • Culture
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5
Q

Emile Durkheim

Sociological perspectives on deviance

A

Structural-functionalism

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6
Q

Crimes are functional as they strengthen social cohesion and define acceptable behavior, contributing to stability and
preventing anomie as they help maintain shared principles and norms.

Sociological perspectives on deviance

A

Structural-functionalism

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7
Q

Robert Merton

Sociological perspectives on deviance

A

Strain theory

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8
Q

Deviance stems from societal culture and structure, where shared values among
members and classes within society can lead to* anomie and deviance.*

Sociological perspectives on deviance

A

Strain theory

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9
Q

Strain Theory

manage their situations by
maximizing their opportunities and putting in their best effort.

Forms of adaptation

A

Conformist

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10
Q

Strain Theory

persist in their commitment to
cultural goals yet often opt for illegal means of wealth acquisition instead of traditional
methods.

Forms of adaptation

A

Innovators

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11
Q

Strain Theory

lost sight of material goals and
derive satisfaction from fairly meaningless jobs

Forms of adaptation

A

Ritualist

(ex. Religious fanatics)

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12
Q

Strain Theory

a small group of individuals who
abandon their goals and means by voluntarily leaving society.

Forms of adaptation

A

Retreatist

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13
Q

Strain Theory

rebel against shared goals and
institutional means, seeking radical alternatives and using violent methods to achieve this.

Forms of adaptation

A

Rebels

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14
Q

sociology views society as a product of everyday social interactions of individuals

Sociological perspectives on deviance

A

Symbolic Interactionism

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15
Q

Differential Association

Symbolic interactionism

A

Cultural Transmission Theory

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16
Q

Edwin Sutherland

Symbolic interactionism

A

Cultural Transmission Theory

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17
Q

the learned behavior of deviance,
which individuals acquire from various groups they associate with.

Symbolic interactionism

A

Cultural Transmission Theory

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18
Q

Clifford Shaw and Henry Mckay

Symbolic interactionism

A

Social Disorganization Theory

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19
Q

Crime is more likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and a lack of social control.

Symbolic interactionism

A

Social Disorganization Theory

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20
Q

A person isn’t born a criminal.

Symbolic interactionism

A

Social Disorganization Theory

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21
Q

Absence of social control = deviance

Symbolic interactionism

A

Social Disorganization Theory

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22
Q

Howard S. Becker

Symbolic interactionism

A

Labeling theory

23
Q

Deviance is determined by the response of others, not the behavior itself, and is not
inherently deviant until judged and labeled by others.

Symbolic interactionism

A

Labeling theory

24
Q

Societal-Reaction Approach: response to an act, not the behavior, determines deviance.

Symbolic interactionism

A

Labeling theory

25
Q

Social inequality = deviance

Symbolic interactionism

A

Conflict theory

26
Q

Laws and punishments reflect the interests of
the powerful

Symbolic interactionism

(Richard Quinney)

A

Conflict theory

27
Q

Criminal law reflects competing interests and values rather than a consistent application of social values.

Symbolic interactionism

A

Conflict theory

28
Q

Deviance is a product of the culture we live in

Symbolic interactionism

A

Social Constructionist Perspective

29
Q

Deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that are not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept

Symbolic interactionism

A

Primary deviance

30
Q

Deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that are not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept

Symbolic interactionism

A

Primary deviance

31
Q

Deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are organized around breaking society’s norms

Symbolic interactionsim

A

Secondary Deviance

32
Q

The decision to be deviant depends upon a cost or benefit analysis or sanctions

A

RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY

33
Q

rational Choice Theory

Basic Premises

A
  • Human beings base their behavior on rational calculations
  • They act with rationality when making choices
  • Their choices are aimed at optimization of their pleasure or profit
34
Q

people have 2 control systems that work against their desire to deviate

Walter Reckless’

A

Control theory

35
Q

Control Theory

internalized thought processes such as a sense of morality, conscience, or religious beliefs

A

Inner Controls

36
Q

consist of the people in our lives who encourage us not to stray

Controls

A

Outer Controls

37
Q

Adler and Chesney-Lind argue existing approaches to deviance and crime-developed with men in mind

A

Femenist Theory

38
Q

Cultural views and attitudes toward women influence how they are perceived and labeled

A

Feminist theory

39
Q

refers to the many ways in which our behavior, thoughts, and appearances are regulated by norms, rules, and laws

A

Social Control

40
Q

achieved through a variety of means including through social norms, rules, laws, and social, economic, and institutional structures

A

Social Control

41
Q

Without it, chaos and confusion would reign

A

Social Control

42
Q

Types of social control

Refers to our conformity to the norms and values of the society, and adoption of a particular belief system, which we learn through the process of socialization.

A

Informal Social Control

43
Q

Types of social control

This form of social control is enforced by family, primary caregivers, peers, other authority figures like coaches and teachers, and by colleagues

A

Informal Social Control

44
Q

Types of social control

Produced and enforced by the state (government) and representatives by the state that enforce its laws like police, military, and other city, state, and federal agencies

A

formal Social Control

45
Q

Types of social control

Rely on deterrents such as personal shame or fear of supernatural; punishment or magical retaliation

A

Built-in Control

(internalised)

46
Q

Types of social control

Rely on actions taken by other members of the society towards a behavior that is either approved or disproved

A

Sanctions

(externalised)

47
Q

Penal laws, fines, death penalty

Sanctions

A

Formal Sanctions

48
Q

Unfavorable and favorable public opinions, giving or withdrawing of affection, love or friendship; verbal admiration or criticism, reprimands or verbal; commendations

Sanctions

A

Informal Sanctions

49
Q

William Sheldon, Eleanor, and Sheldon Glueck claim that a person’s essential biology makes
them more likely to be criminally deviant.

A

Biologically essentialist

50
Q

Series of social relationships that link a person directly to others, and indirectly links him or her to more people

Age of the Internet

A

Social Network

51
Q

Integrated beliefs, norms, and values formed and patterned around the social needs, activities, and way of life of members of society.

Family, Religious, Government, Educational, Economic, Health, Mass, Media

A

Socialist Institutions

52
Q

Macro-level perspective that views society as a complex system of interdependent institutions working together to maintain stability and order

A

Functionalist Perspective

53
Q

Functionalist Perspective

Five functional requisites for society to survive (Aberle et al. 1950, Mack and Bradford 1979)

A
  • Replacing members
  • Socializing new members
  • Producing and distributing goods and services
  • Preserving order
  • Provide a sense of purpose

UCSP (4 decks)

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