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Psychology > Social Thinking And Behaviour > Flashcards

Social Thinking And Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

What is social psychology the study of

A

Social thinking
Social influence
Social relations

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2
Q

What is social thinking

A

How we think about our social world

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3
Q

What is social influence

A

How other people influence our behaviour

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4
Q

What is social relations

A

How we relate towards other people

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5
Q

What are three key aspects of social thinking

A

Attributions
Impressions
Attitudes

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6
Q

What are attributions

A

Judgements about the causes of our own and other peoples behaviour and outcomes

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7
Q

What do personal attributions do

A

Infer that people’s characteristics cause their behaviour

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8
Q

What do situational attributions do

A

Infer that aspects of the situation cause a behaviour

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9
Q

What three types of information determine the attributions we make

A

Consistency
Distinctiveness
Consensus

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10
Q

When do people tend to make a situational attribution

A

When all three types of information are high

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11
Q

When do we tend to make personal attributions

A

When consistency is high and the other two are low

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12
Q

What does fundamental attribution error mean

A

We underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the role of personal factors when explaining other people’s behaviour

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13
Q

What is self serving bias

A

The tendency to make personal attributions for success and situational attributions for failures

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14
Q

What is the primary effect

A

Our tendency to attach more importance to the initial information that we learn about a person

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15
Q

What is a mental set

A

A readiness to perceive the world in a particular way

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16
Q

What are schemes

A

Mental frameworks that help us organise and interpret information

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17
Q

What is a stereotype

A

A shared belief about a group or category of people

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18
Q

What is a self fulfilling prophecy

A

Our expectations affect our behaviour toward a person, which can cause the person to behave in a way that confirms our expectations

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19
Q

Define attitude

A

A positive or negative evaluative reaction towards a stimulus, such as a person, action, object or concept

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20
Q

Explain the theory of planned behaviour

A

Out intention to engage in a behaviour is strongest when:
We have a positive attitude to that behaviour
When subjective norms support our attitudes
When we believe that behaviour is under our control

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21
Q

What is cognitive dissonance

A

People strive for consistency in their cognitions

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22
Q

When is cognitive dissonance created

A

When two or more cognitions contradict one another

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23
Q

What is counter attitudinal behaviour

A

Behaviour that is inconsistent with ones attitude

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24
Q

What is self perception theory

A

We make inferences about our own attitudes by observing how we behave

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25
Q

What are the three aspects of the persuasion process

A

Communicator credibility
The message
The audience

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26
Q

What is communicator credibility

A

How believable we perceive the communicator to be

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27
Q

What is the central route to persuasion

A

People think carefully about the message and are influenced because arguments seem compelling

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28
Q

What is the peripheral route to persuasion

A

People don’t scrutinise the message but are influenced most by other factors

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29
Q

What is compliance

A

A surface change in behaviour which isn’t associated with true underlying cognitive changes

30
Q

What are compliance techniques

A

Strategies that may manipulate you into saying yes when you really want to say no

31
Q

What is the norm of reciprocity

A

Involves expectation that when others treat is well, we should respond in kind

32
Q

What does door in the face mean

A

A persuader makes a large request, expecting you to reject it and then presents a smaller request

33
Q

What does foot in the door mean

A

A persuader gets you to comply with a small request first and later presents a larger request

34
Q

What is lowballing

A

A persuader gets you to commit to some action and then, before you actually perform the behaviour, he or she increases the cost of that same behaviour

35
Q

What are factors that influence obedience

A

Remoteness of the victim
Closeness and legitimacy of the authority figure
Diffusion of responsibility

36
Q

What is diffusion of responsibility

A

Obedience increases when someone else does the dirty work

37
Q

What are social norms

A

Shared expectations about how people should think, feel and behave

38
Q

What is a social role

A

A set of norms that characterises how people in a given social position ought to behave

39
Q

What is role conflict

A

Occurs when the norms accompanying different roles clash

40
Q

What is conformity

A

The adjustment of individual behaviours, attitudes and beliefs to a group standard

41
Q

What is informal social influence

A

Following the influence of other people because we believe that they have accurate knowledge and that what they are doing is right

42
Q

What is normative social influence

A

Conforming to obtain rewards that come from being accepted by others while at the same time avoiding their rejection

43
Q

What is social loafing

A

Tendency for people to expend less individual effort when working in a group than when working alone

44
Q

What is the collective effort model

A

People will put forth only as much effort as they expect is needed to reach their goal

45
Q

Does social loafing occur more strongly in male or female groups

A

Male

46
Q

What is groupthink

A

The tendency of group members to suspend critical thinking because they are striving to reach an agreement

47
Q

Define prejudice

A

A negative attitude towards people based on their membership in a group

48
Q

Define discrimination

A

Overt behaviour that involves treating people unfairly based on the group yo which they belong

49
Q

What is explicit prejudice

A

Publicly expressed prejudice

50
Q

What is implicit prejudice

A

Prejudice hidden from public view

51
Q

What is an implicit association test

A

An implicit measure that can reveal many types of unconscious prejudice

52
Q

What is stereotype threat

A

Stereotypes crate self consciousness amount stereotypes group members and a fear they will live up to other people’s stereotypes

53
Q

Explain the equal status contact

A

Prejudice between people is most likely to be reduced when they:
Engage in sustained close contact
Have equal status
Work to achieve a common goal that requires cooperation
Are supported by broader social norms

54
Q

What is kin selection

A

Organism are more likely to help other with whom they share the most genes, namely their offspring and genetic relatives

55
Q

What is reciprocal altruism

A

Helping others increases the odds that they will help us or our kin in future

56
Q

What is the norm of reciprocity

A

We should reciprocate when others treat us kindly

57
Q

What is the norm of social responsibility

A

People should help others and contribute to the welfare of society

58
Q

What did Batson say

A

Pro social behaviour can be motivated by altruism and egotistic goals

59
Q

What is altruism

A

Helping others for the ultimate purpose of enhancing that persons welfare

60
Q

What are egoistic goals

A

Helping others to improve our own welfare

61
Q

What is the empathy-altruism hypothesis

A

Altruism is produced by empathy

62
Q

Define empathy

A

The ability to put oneself in the place of another and share what that person is experiencing

63
Q

Who came up with the 5 step bystander intervention process

A

Latane and Darley

64
Q

What are ten 5 steps of the bystander intervention proces

A

Note the event
Decide if the event is really an emergency
Assuming responsibility to intervene
Self efficiency in dealing with the situation
Decision to help

65
Q

What is the bystander effect

A

The presence of other bystanders inhibits each persons tendency to help

66
Q

What is the mere exposure effect

A

Repeated exposure to a stimulus typically increases our liking for it

67
Q

What is diffusion of responsibility

A

Believing that someone else will help

68
Q

What is the matching effect

A

We are most likely to have a partner whose level of physical attractiveness is similar to our own

69
Q

Explain passionate love

A

Involves intense emotion, arousal and yearning for the partner

70
Q

Explain compassionate love

A

Involves affection and deep caring about the partners well being

71
Q

What does Sternberg’s triangular theory of love state

A

Love involves three major components
Passion
Intimacy
Commitment

72
Q

Define consummate love

A

Sternberg’s ultimate form of love; occurs when intimacy, passion and commitment are all present

Psychology (7 decks)

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