Social Studies Subtest I Flashcards
Name 3 well known mountain ranges.
The Himalayas, The Andes, and The Rockies.
What was the deadliest war in American history?
The Civil War
How did the U.S. Civil War end?
Gen. Robert Lee surrendered the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Courthouse.
Louisiana purchase
$15 million by Thomas Jefferson’s. His greatest achievement? Gained vital port of new Orleans, removed French threat
The earliest known American civilization, that of the _____, emerged in the tropical forests along the Gulf Coast of Mexico from about 1500 BCE to 400 BCE.
Olmecs
Martin Luther and John Calvin were leaders of what?
The Protestant Reformation.
What are some powers shared between the national and state government?
Collect taxes, build roads, borrow money, and make and enforce laws.
How are eras identified?
By important events, decade, or prominent person of the time.
What is the system of checks and balances?
A system by which each branch of government limits power of other branches.
What is chronological thinking?
A clear sense of historical time line.
Era 7
Colonization and settlement (1585-1763)
Major Events: Samuel de Champlain, French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)
Henry Hudson, English navigator who discovered the Hudson River
Seven Years War between major European Players
What is the War of 1812 also known as?
Second War for American Independence
Era 1
The beginnings of human society
Major Events:
What did scientists study to figure out human migration?
Tools, art. and burial sites left behind.
America’s first national government was based on the _____ _____ _____.
Articles of Confederation
What happens in indirect democracies?
The people choose a small group to act as their representatives to carry out government policies.
In what year was Pearl Harbor attacked?
1941
Era 2
Early civilizations and the emergence of pastoral peoples (4000-1000 BCE)
Major Events: Wheel Invented 3500 BC
Writing in Mesopotamia in 3200BC
Modern Alphabet invented in 1600BC
1600BC Greek Civilization Emerges
What does the 7th Amendment guarantee?
Right to jury trial in civil cases.
What was the immediate reason why the US entered WW2?
The attack on Pearl Harbor navy base.
What does Manifest Destiny mean?
American expansion is good and bound to happen.
What are the two major branches of geography?
Physical and human (cultural).
What are authoritarian governments?
The responsibility for exercising the governmental powers is held by a single person or small group.
Era 3
Classical traditions, major religions, and giant empires (1000 BCE-300 CE
Major Events: Rome Founded 753BC
670BC Ironworking
551 Birth of Confucius
What was the result of the Spanish-American war?
The US became a world power.
Era 13
The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
Major Events: Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 1941)
1946 1st Nuclear Bomb Detonated
What is federalism?
The sharing of power among the national, state, and local governments.
Era 4
Expanding zones of exchange and encounter (300-1000 CE)
Major Events: Roman Empire founded
Birth of Jesus Christ
105 First use of modern paper
730 China invents printing
Era 5
Intensified hemispheric interactions (1000-1500 CE)
Major Events: Genghis Khan begins Asian conquest
Crusades
1215 Magna Carta
Hundred Years War, France and England
1455 First book printed with moveable type by Johannes Gutenberg
What are the primary functions of the government?
Maintain order, settle conflicts, and protect the community.
What does the 6th Amendment guarantee?
Right to speedy trial; right to impartial jury; right to be informed of the charges upon which the accused is held; right to face accusers; right to produce witnesses for the accused; right to legal counsel.
What are the 7 continents?
North America, South America, Africa, Australia, Europe, Asia, and Antarctica
China, broke apart when the _____ dynasty collapsed in 220 CE and remained divided for almost 400 years.
Han
What does the 2nd Amendment protect?
Right to bear arms.
What is the Bill of Rights?
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution.
What does the Bill of Rights prohibit?
Laws respecting the establishment of religion.
Era 12
The emergence of modern America (1890-1930)
Major Events: National reform movement known as Progressivism.
1905 Einstein’s theory of Relativity
1917 Russian Revolution
WWI
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Military alliance of Western European powers between United States and Europe. An attack on one was on both
What type of government is eldest and most common throughout history?
Authoritarian government.
What happens in an oligopoly?
A few producers dominate the majority of the market and also exercise significant control over price.
What are the 5 most common categories of government?
Monarchy, Oligarchy, Dictatorship, Totalitarianism, and Anarchy.
Who was most notable in the struggle for women’s right to vote?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.
What countries made up the Axis powers during WW2?
Germany, Japan, and Italy.
Concepts of Culture
Traits
Diffusion
Acculturation
Cultural regions
What is perfect competition?
Many producers provide goods and services that are similar in nature.
Era 10
Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)
Major Events: The Dred Scott Case
Abraham Elected
Crisis at Fort Sumter
What happens in direct democracies?
Public policy is established by the people.
Era 9
Expansion and reform (1801-1861)
Major Events: Napoleonic Wars
War of 1812
Rocket Steak Locomotive Built
1885 First Gasoline Driven Car (Benz)
4 Factors of Production.
The four basic factors used to produce goods and services- labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship.
What was the reason for the Korean War?
The U.S stepped in to stop the movement of communism from North Korea to South Korea.
What does territorial expansion mean?
The belief that one country is destined to expand into other regions.
What does the 5th Amendment state?
Criminal indictments must be by grand jury; freedom from double jeopardy; freedom from testifying against oneself; right to due process; right of just compensation for takings.
What is another name for human geography?
Cultural geography.
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
L: Earth’s crust.
H: All of Earth’s water.
A: The layer of gases that surrounds Earth.
B: Portion of earth that supports life.
What was the main reason the U.S joined the war effort in 1917?
German submarines were attacking ships carrying U.S citizens.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
The first governing document of Plymouth Colony.
The first civilizations had what 5 features?
A stable food supply, specialization of labor, system of government, social levels, highly developed culture.
Era 11
The development of the industrial United States (1870-1900)
Major Events:
The shot heard round the world
1775, English soldiers on their way to confiscate arms in concord passed through Lexington, Massachusetts and met the colonial militia called minutemen. A fight ensued. British retreated
What does the 3rd Amendment protect?
Freedom from quartering (housing) soldiers.
What are democratic governments?
The responsibility for exercising the governmental powers is held by the people.
What happened in the Mexico-American war?
America gained the territory known as California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Monarchy Dictatorship Oligarchy Totalitarianism Anarchy
M: A government ruled by a king or queen.
D: A form of government where a single ruler wields absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws).
O: A government where control is exercised by a small group of individuals based on wealth or power.
T: A government that controls the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population.
A: Disorder caused by the absence of governmental authority.
What are some expectations of a citizen?
Exercise their right to vote, obey the laws, serve as jurors if summoned, pay income taxes and other taxes, serve in armed forces if requested, and be loyal to their country.
What kind of power does the judicial branch have?
It has the power to interpret laws and settle disputes.
What were the crusades?
Wars over control of the Holy Land.
What does the 1st Amendment protect?
Freedom of speech; freedom of religion; freedom to assemble; freedom to petition the government.
What does the 8th Amendment protect?
Freedom from excessive bail or fines; freedom from cruel or unusual punishment.
When did the revolutionary war begin?
1775
What does the 4th Amendment protect?
Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure.
What are the 3 kinds / branches of power in government?
Executive, judicial, and legislative.
What are the 5 themes of geography?
Location, place, relationships with places, movement, and regions.
What are the 4 types of economic systems?
Traditional, command, market, and mixed.
What was the cause of the Vietnam War?
The threat of communism expanding throughout Southeast Asia.
Triangular Trade
Triangular trade, or triangle trade, is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come. Triangular trade thus provides a method for rectifying trade imbalances between the above regions. (era 7)
Where did Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China’s earliest civilizations start?
Along river banks.
What is cultural geography?
The study of patterns and processes that shape human interactions with the land.
What is one of the biggest impacts of the Civil War?
The 13th Amendment was created and ended slavery in the U.S.
Era 8
Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820s)
Major Events: American Declaration of Independence
French Revolution
What is an economic system?
The way a country manages the production and distribution of goods and services.
Which two countries was the 100 year war between?
France and England.
One degree of latitude covers about this many miles
69 (or 111 kilometers)
What are idealogical disputes?
Unresolved differences in the common, shared beliefs of a community.
What happens in a monopoly market?
Business competition is eliminated and single producers control the prices of goods and services.
What are some powers reserved for the national government?
Print money, make treaties, declare war, provide army and navy.
Era 6
The emergence of the first global age (1450-1770 CE)
Major Events: Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Diaz rounded the Cape of Good Hope.
Italian mariner Christopher Columbus reached the Bahamas on October 12. Later, he visited Cuba and Hispaniola.
Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian maritime explorer, discovered the mouth of the Amazon River. The continent of America was named after Vespucci.
Juan Ponce de Leon, a Spanish explorer and governor of Hispaniola, discovered Florida.
1517 Martin Luther launches the Reformation. It is the start of Protestant Christianity and the idea of religious individualism.
Thirty Years War in Europe
Era 15
Contemporary United States (1968-the Present)
Major Events: Kristen is born (tee hee)
1975 Vietnam War
Collapse of Communist regimes in Europe
1991 Berlin Wall Falls
What was the worst economic crisis in American history?
The Great Depression.
What is Globalization?
The growing global economic, cultural, and political integration and interaction.
When was the Internet developed?
1970s
What is the duty of Congress?
To make laws.
What was the result of WW2?
The U.S dominated the postwar economy.
From about 500 CE to 1000 CE, Western Europe was politically divided, rural, and largely cut off from advanced civilizations in the Middle East, China, and India. This period in Europe has often been called the _____ _____
Dark Ages
Era 14
Postwar United States (1945-early 1970s)
Major Events: 1950 Korean War
1949 Communist China Founded
1959 Silicon Chip Invented
Cuban Missile Crisis
What is another name for indirect democracy?
Representative democracy.
What kind of power does the legislative branch have?
It has the power to create laws.
What is a multinational corporation?
A company with divisions in more than two countries.
What are some causal factors of wars?
Territorial expansion, ideological disputes, military alliances, race and ethnic prejudice, greed and power, religion, economics.
What are the 4 spheres of our planet?
Atmosphere, hemisphere, biosphere, and lithosphere.
Traditional Economy
Command Economy
Market Economy
Mixed Economy
T: Economic questions are answered based on how they were done in the past.
C: Economic questions are answered by the government.
Mar: Economic questions are answered by individuals and privately owned corporations.
Mix: Economic questions are answered by the government and marketplace.
What was the revolutionary war?
The war the colonies fought against Great Britain to win their independence.
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the Separatists, also known as the “Saints”, fleeing from religious persecution by King James of Great Britain. They traveled aboard the Mayflower in 1620 along with adventurers, tradesmen, and servants, most of whom were referred to as “Strangers”. (era 7)
What are the era labels given to hominid prehistory?
The stone age, Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age.
What are military alliances?
Protection agreements among nations.
What was the three-class system of Egypt?
Kings and priests, officials and scribes, and artisans and farmers.
What are some powers reserved for state government?
Issue licenses, conduct elections, ratify amendments to the constitution, and take measures for public health and safety.
What kind of power does the executive branch have?
It has the power to administer (manage) laws.
