Arts, Health & Fitness Subtest II

Question 1

Call and Response (music)

Answer 1

A style of singing in which a melody sung by one singer is responded to or echoed by one or more singers.

Question 3

What is the role of costumes and makeup in theater?

Answer 3

It helps to typify characters from the moment they appear on stage and signify the period or the social milieu in which they are to be seen. They can also indicate the characters’ circumstances (whether they should appear rich or poor) or even whether they should be seen as comic or tragic personalities.

Question 4

What is “blocking” in theater?

Answer 4

It refers to the movement and positioning of actors on stage in order to facilitate the presentation of a play, dance, or musical performance.

Question 5

Talk about the Nervous System.

Answer 5

It keeps us aware of our environment and allows us to react appropriately to environmental stimuli. The nervous system consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and many nerve cells. Nerve cells are also known as neurons.

Question 6

Texture (music)

Answer 6

Combining melody, harmony and rhythm to determine the quality of the sound. Types:
1 monophonic: 1 voice/line w/no accompanying
2 polyphonic: many voices that imitate or counter
3 homophonic: a main melody accompanied by harmonic chords.
Should be introduced 1 type at a time.

Question 7

What is timbre?

Answer 7

The quality of sound that distinguishes one tone color from another. Words such as dark, rich, mellow, are often used to describe the timbre of a musical piece or sound of a musical instrument. It contributes to the overall effect or mood created by music.

Question 8

What are Manipulative/Object Control Skills?

Answer 8

It focuses on object control, usually by using the hands or feet, but also using other parts of the body. Sometimes these skills are referred to as propulsive skills (striking, throwing, and kicking) and receptive skills (catching and trapping)

Question 9

Discuss the Cardiorespiratory System.

Answer 9

The heart is a powerful pump located at the center of the circulatory system. Blood enters the heart through the atria and is pumped out of the heart through the ventricles. Between the atria and the ventricles are valves that prevent the blood from flowing backward. Once blood passes from the atria to the ventricles, the valves prevent it from returning. a network of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. The vessels that carry the blood from the ventricles to various parts of the body are called arteries. The vessels that return blood to the heart are called veins. A series of microscopic capillaries connect small arteries and veins and permit the exchange of dissolved nutrients, oxygen, wastes, and other substances.

Question 10

Discuss the Excretory System

Answer 10

The body takes nutrients from food and uses them to maintain all bodily functions including energy and self-repair. After the body has taken what it needs from the food, waste products are left behind in the blood and in the bowel. Waste products of digestion are pushed into the lower part of the large intestine called the colon. These are then excreted from the body. Waste products are filtered from the blood by the kidneys, which also recapture and return to the body water and certain minerals called electrolytes. Wastes travel from the kidneys to the bladder where they are stored until they are excreted from the body as urine. The _________ system works with the lungs, skin, and intestines—all of which also excrete wastes—to keep the chemicals and water in the body balanced.

Question 11

What are the four types of instruments?

Answer 11

Stringed

Woodwinds

Brass

Percussion

Question 12

Skill Related Fitness

Answer 12

Includes balance, power, speed, coordination and agility.

Question 13

What are the 4 elements of dance?

Answer 13

Body, space, time, and energy.

Question 14

Farce

Answer 14

Is a comedy in which the plot is developed around a situation instead of the characters. Has been called situational comedy or sitcom

Question 15

What is the function and 3 types of muscles?

Answer 15

Muscles control the ability to move.

Skeletal: It is voluntary muscle attached to bones, and is responsible for skeletal movements. It works when the brain tells them to bend, or flex, or stretch. They attach directly to bones or to other muscles with tendons, or bands of connective tissue.

Smooth: It is found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. That is, it cannot be controlled consciously like the skeletal muscles; thus, they are described as acting involuntarily.

Cardiac: It is found in the walls of the heart, is also controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The contraction of cardiac muscle is involuntary, strong, and rhythmical.

Question 16

Comedy

Answer 16

Developed in Ancient Greece. Uses humor to represent simple topics of daily life.

Question 17

What are the elements of Art?

Answer 17

Line, Shape, Form, Space, Color, Value, Texture

Question 18

How is water important to the human body?

Answer 18

It is a nutrient that is part of all body tissues and fluids. It is the most abundant substance in the body. It is essential for maintaining body temperature, respiration, and the chemical reactions that enable the body to digest and use food.

Question 19

Satire

Answer 19

Uses irony and exaggeration to ridicule such targets as unquestionably held beliefs, extreme religious positions, and human vices to teach a moral.

Question 20

What is rhythm?

Answer 20

It refers to the spacing between sounds and silences in music.

Governs time in music. First instruction includes familiar songs played so students can clap along.

Question 21

What are the 4 types of awarenesses concerning locomotion & non-locomotion?

Answer 21

Body Awareness: What the body can do (transferring weight, balancing, flight, change directions, etc.)

Spatial Awareness: Where the body moves (personal space, general space, following directions, high or low levels, pathways such as zigzag, curved or straight, etc.)

Effort Awareness: How the body moves (time, speed, effort, force, etc.)

Relationship Awareness: How the body relates to objects and others (location such as over, under, behind, and matching movements, mirroring movements, eye-hand coordination, etc.)

Question 22

There are many different types of art. You should be familar with several commonly used mediums.

1. Drawing
2. Painting
3. Sculture
4. Photography

Answer 22

1. It enhances observation skills and manual dexterity. It also provides a solid foundation for learning how to paint.
2. It provides a wide range of techniques and media for artistic expression. It’s media include watercolor, acrylic, and tempera.
3. It is a type of three-dimensional art.
4. It is perceived as an art form that captures reality, but _____________ often manipulate their images for expressive purposes, using the same elements of art and principles of design that artists working with other media do.

Question 23

What is Protein?

Answer 23

They are the building blocks that provide the structure for the tissues of the body.

Question 24

What is the difference between melody and harmony?

Answer 24

Melody refers to a rhythmically-organized succession of single tones that form a recognizable, aesthetic unit. A combination of pitch and rhythm. The main focus of a song. Melody is expressed by one note following another while harmonic music exists when two or more notes are played at the same time. When three or more tones are sounded together, a chord is produced.

Harmonic notes or chords blend sounds that complement the melody of a musical piece. The use of pitches or chords at the same time in a way that is pleasant. Relies on the melody.

Question 25

What are carbohydrates and how does the body use them?

Answer 25

It is a nutrient that is part of all body tissues and fluids. It is the most abundant substance in the body. It is essential for maintaining body temperature, respiration, and the chemical reactions that enable the body to digest and use food.​

Question 26

Why provide opportunities for dramatic play for children?

Answer 26

Gives opportunities to develop self-awareness in the controlled and protected classroom environment.

Practice expressive movement,voice and characterization.

Question 27

In dance, what does “Shape” refer to?

Answer 27

The configuration of his or her torso and limbs into positions that change over time. The choreographer arranges dancers on the stage and plans their movements around the available space to create visual interest and dramatic effect.

Question 28

he digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process has many stages, the first of which starts in the mouth.

Answer 28

Question 29

Tragedy

Answer 29

Developed in Ancient Greece around the 6th century. Is a dramatic composition of serious and often somber themes. It generally portrays the life and misfortunes.

Question 30

What are the five types of joints in the human body?

Answer 30

Immovable, hinge, ball- and-socket, pivot, and gliding.

Question 31

What is pantomine?

Answer 31

A type of creative drama. It is often used to introduce improvisation.

Through pantomime, actors act without words or sounds; they use only gestures, body language, and facial expressions to convey ideas and emotions.

Question 32

What are non-locomotor skills?

Answer 32

They are those that involve little or no movement of the base of support, usually the feet. Sometimes they are called stability skills. Examples are balancing, turning, twisting, and swaying. It involves the movement of the body while staying in one place.

Question 33

What is meter?

Answer 33

Musical notes in a piece of music are organized into structured, timed groupings called measures. In Western music, each measure has a rhythmic pattern of strong and weak beats. This rhythmic patterning of strong, or accented, beats followed by weaker beats creates the meter of music. Even as some beats in each measure are stronger than other beats, each measure has the same number of beats.

Question 34

What is posture?

Answer 34

The proper placement of the body is a relationship of the body to the skeletal frame.

Question 35

There are a number of music genres. You should be able to recognize or define some of them.

1. Classical
2. Rock
3. Jazz
4. Folk
5. Blues

Answer 35

1. Classical is characterized by elaborate musical compositions typically scored for a choir, an orchestra, a small chamber ensemble, or solo instrumentalists. Some examples are symphonies, operas, and string quartets.
2. Rock originated in the rock-and-roll era of the 1950s. The vocals are often accompanied by guitar, drum, and bass and perhaps, piano, synthesizer, or saxophone. Rock music has several sub-genres such as hard rock, progressive rock, and metal rock.
3. in Jazz a performer interprets a tune in an individual way, inspired by his or her creativity. This type of music is featured by strong and complex rhythms and intricate harmonic improvisations. It is a genre that originated at the beginning of the twentieth century in African-American communities in the southern United States from a combination of African and European music traditions. Sub-genres include ragtime, dixieland, bebop, among others.
4. Folk music is a kind of traditional music that is handed down from one generation to another in every culture. The music reflects the emotions of people within a culture, often portraying their struggle for survival, expressing their political or religious beliefs, telling a story or describing history, or providing amusement. The ballad—a song that often tells a story about actual events—is a featured type of folk song. Others include work songs, prison songs, war songs, spiritual songs, songs for children, songs about life’s stages, and songs for celebration or dance.
5. Blues developed from rural African-American experience during the latter part of the nineteenth century, derived from an oral tradition of field hollers and work songs that were usually performed in unison by slaves and prisoners. Early bluesoften took the form of a loose narrative, with the singer reciting his or her many misfortunes. From these beginnings, blues has continued to thrive in both traditional and new forms; many consider blues music to have been strongly influential in the development of rock-and-roll and jazz.

Question 36

How are lighting and sound used in theater?

Answer 36

It helps set the mood and provides a sense of time of day, season of the year, and setting. Lighting and sound effects are employed to convey natural phenomena, such as wind or storm. However, it is also their function to call forth moods and feelings the audience will recognize.

Question 37

Reasons to teach Music

Answer 37

Instruction in this subject improves language development through development of the left side of the brain. It engages the cognitive, hedonic, planning and sensory systems.

Question 38

Melodrama

Answer 38

Represents the struggle between good and evil. It uses such theatrical elements as music, dialogue, pantomime, and acting to lead to a moral conclusion. Both Spanish and US soap operas fall within this tradition.

Question 39

What is characterization in theater?

Answer 39

The process of exploring the physical, social, and psychological aspects of a character with the goal of creating a believable character.

Question 40

How can you develop and improve vocal projection?

Answer 40

Exercises can help develop the muscles in the diaphragm—located between the abdominal and thoracic cavities—and improve air flow and vocal clarity.

Question 41

What are the locomotor skills?

Answer 41

They are the basic foundation of human movement. They include activities like walking, running, vertical and horizontal jumping, leaping, hopping, galloping, skipping, or sliding from side to side—anything that involves moving the body from one location to another.

Question 42

What is the function of vitamins and minerals in the body?

Answer 42

Vitamins help regulate many body functions.

Dietary minerals are inorganic substances. The body needs adequate amounts of dietary minerals for vital body processes. Dietary minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, zinc, and sulfur.

Question 43

Define Tempo

Question 44

The heart has four chambers. The upper two are called ________. The lower chambers are called ________.

Answer 44

Atria.

Ventricles.

Question 45

Aesthetics

Answer 45

A way to discuss art. “What is art?” and “What do we mean when we say something is beautiful?”

Question 46

What are the Macronutrients?

Answer 46

Carbohydrates, Protein, and Fats

Question 47

Bones in the human body can be grouped in two divisions. These two groups are:

Answer 47

Axial skeleton (80 bones) form the vertical axis of the body; they include the bones of the head, vertebral column, ribs, and breastbone (or sternum).

Appendicular skeleton (126 bones) includes the free appendages and their attachments to the axial skeleton.

Question 48

What are the principles of design?

Answer 48

1. Balance
2. Contrast
3. Emphasis, Dominance And Focal Point
4. Harmony And Unity
5. Movement
6. Proportion And Scale
7. Repetition, Rhythm and Pattern
8. Variety And Variation

Question 49

What does “Actions” refer to in theater?

Answer 49

It explores what the body can do or what actions can expand a bank of dance movements. Categories of Actions include traveling, stillness, gesturing, bending, sliding, falling, turning, and transferring weight.

Question 50

Visual Communication

Answer 50

A way for artists to purposely arrange elements in an artwork.

Question 51

What is improvisation?

Answer 51

A type of creative drama. It involves acting out short scenes without rehearsal or preparation by making up the words and actions.

Question 52

Which side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. This blood contains the carbon dioxide produced by the cells as they convert nutrients to energy. In the lungs, the carbon dioxide is removed from the blood, and oxygen from inhaled air is added.

Answer 52

Right.

Question 53

What is sense memory?

Answer 53

It is a strategy that allows the actor to experience an honest reaction to a scene. Actors recall memories of personal experiences that can be used to trigger emotions that correspond with the scene being played.

Question 54

Be familiar with different types of dances, such as:

1. Ballet
2. Tap
3. Modern
4. Folk
5. Social

Answer 54

1. It is a formal kind of dance performed by highly-trained dancers who are skilled in the precision of ______ movements that begin with five basic foot and arm positions. Ballet is performed to music that tells a story.
2. Dancers wear special shoes with metal taps. Movements are a series of different percussive, rhythmic patterns and beats.
3. It is often improvisational and allows dancers to move freely and draw on their own creativity and skillful dance movements. Dancers use their body weight to make sharp and focused movements based on contraction and release. It is often used to express inner feelings.
4. Typically performed at social gatherings, folk dances are passed down from one generation to the next. Jigs, polkas, clogging, step dances, highland dancing, and square dancing are all examples of ____ dances.
5. The major focus of ______ dance is recreation and socialization. Many ______ dances are partnered ballroom dances such as the foxtrot, tango, or polka. However, this category also includes group dances such as circle dances, line dances, and novelty dances.

Question 55

Health Related Fitness

Answer 55

Includes flexibility, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and endurance.

Question 56

Which vessels return blood to the heart?

Answer 56

Veins

Question 57

What are the four basic strands in the music TEKS / Standards?

Answer 57

Music Literacy, Creative expression, historical and cultural relevance, and critical evaluation and response

Question 58

Criticism (in art)

Answer 58

The evaluation of a piece of art following its analysis. It is usually in the context of the theory of beauty or aesthetics. 4 major areas:

• description
• analysis
• interpretation
• judgement

Question 60

Notation (music)

Answer 60

A method of writing down music so that anyone can play it.

Question 61

What are the two primary types of fat and how are they similar and different?

Answer 61

Two types: saturated and unsaturated. Animal fats (meat, butter, lard) are usually saturated fats and are known to contribute to heart disease and cancer. Vegetable fats (e.g., olive oil, corn oil) are generally unsaturated fats and are considered less harmful.