Social Studies Section 4

Question 1

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)

Answer 1

a
program established in 1979 for the study of the
Earth System and climate change.

Question 2

United Nations (UN)

Answer 2

an intergovernmental
organization founded in 1945 in the wake of World
War II with a continued aim of promoting peace,
dignity, equality, and a healthy planet

Question 3

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, also known as UN Climate Change)

Answer 3

Established in 1992 as a foundation for
intergovernmental action on climate change that led to the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Agreement
(2015).

Question 4

Thunberg, Greta (b. 2003)

Answer 4

a Swedish climate activist
who started a school strike for climate in 2018 at the age of fifteen and sparked a global youth climate
the movement is known as Fridays for Future

Question 5

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe

Answer 5

A nation whose members
led a protest that delayed the construction of an oil
pipeline in North America

Question 6

Space Race

Answer 6

a competition of space exploration and
technology between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War

Question 7

Paris Agreement

Answer 7

A 2015 intergovernmental agreement
to limit the increase in global temperatures to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Donald Trump took he USA out of the agreement 2020.

Question 8

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA)

Answer 8

An agency of the United States
government founded in 1958 that is a global leader in
space exploration and the study of the Earth System

Question 9

Munduruku, Alessandra Korap (b. 1985)

Answer 9

A Brazilian environmental activist and member of the Munduruku people of the Tapajós River Middle Course who has defended portions of the Brazilian
rainforest in various ways.

Question 10

McNeill, J. R. (b. 1954)

Answer 10

an American scholar and pioneering environmental historian who popularized the idea of the “Great Acceleration”.

Question 11

Kyoto Protocol

Answer 11

A non-binding international agreement,
which was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 2005, extending the 1992 United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Question 12

“Keeling Curve”

Answer 12

a graph that represents atmospheric
carbon dioxide concentrations based on the records originally compiled by Charles David Keeling at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii

Question 13

Keeling, Charles David (1928−2005)

Answer 13

an American scientist who in 1958 began systematic record-keeping of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii

Question 14

Justice40 Initiative

Answer 14

a policy commitment from the
Biden administration that aims for 40 percent of overall benefits from Federal investments related to climate change and other categories to flow to
underserved communities

Question 15

International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP)

Answer 15

established in 1987 to study global change in the context of Earth System Science

Question 16

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Answer 16

a body of the United Nations (UN) that was formed in 1988 to offer an independent assessment of
climate science and mediate between scientists and policymakers

Question 17

Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)

Answer 17

a law passed in the
United States in 2022 during the presidency of Joe Biden that provides unprecedented government funding for addressing the challenges posed by climate change

Question 18

Green New Deal

Answer 18

a policy proposal championed by
U.S. Congressional Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Senator Ed Markey, and others that
would involve government investment in building infrastructure and incentivizing industries to help
address the climate crisis

Question 19

Earth System Science (ESS)

Answer 19

a relatively new approach to studying the natural world as a connected whole with a focus on the interactions
between the Earth System’s subsystems: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere

Question 19

Fridays for Future

Answer 19

A youth climate activism
movement that was inspired by Greta Thunberg’s school strikes for climate in 2018 and spread organically across the world

Question 20

Cold War

Answer 20

the global political conflict between the
United States and the Soviet Union, and their allied nations, from around 1946 to 1991

Question 21

Bolin, Bert (1925−2007)

Answer 21

a Swedish meteorologist
who led numerous scientific communities studying climate and was the first Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)