Social Studies Praxis Part 3 Flashcards
Political Map
It shows the locations of cities, towns, and counties and might offer physical features such as rivers, streams, and lakes.
Physical Map
illustrate the physical features of a place
Road Map
show major highways and roads, airports, railroad tracks, cities, and other points of interest.
Special Purpose
Focuses on details such as topography, climate, or district.
Climate Maps
Gives information about the climate and precipitation of a region.
Economic or Resource Maps
Shows the types of natural resources that dominate the economic activity in a country.
Topographical Maps
Shows similar information to physical maps but uses contour lines instead of colors to show the information.
Physical Systems
Atmosphere-The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
Biosphere - Includes all life on the planet.
Hydrosphere-Includes all water liquid ice or vapor on the planet.
Lithosphere-The outer region of the earth Includes the crust and upper mantle
Archipelago
A group of islands or island chains (Hawaiian islands)
Atoll
A coral island surrounds a lagoon (Maldives)
Barrier Island
A band of beach parallel to the mainland protects the shore from the effects of the ocean. (Clearwater Beach, Florida)
Bays
An inlet of the sea or other body of water usually smaller than a gulf (Chesapeake Bay)
Continent
One of the 7 great divisions of land on the globe.
Deciduous Forest
A forest of trees, which lose their leaves seasonally. (Eastern Deciduous Forest, US)
Delta
A landform that forms from the deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves the mouth and enters slower-moving or standing water.(Egypt)
Desert
A barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs. (Sahara Desert)
Fjord
A long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs (Skelton Inlet)
Forest
A dense growth of trees (Tongass National Forest)
Grassland
Land with dominant growth being grass and herbs (North American Prairies)
Ice Caps
A glacier forming on an extensive area of land (Greenland Ice Sheet)
Island
A tract of land surrounded by land (Ireland)
Isthmus
The narrow strip of land (Isthmus of Panama)
Mountain
A large area of raised land (Mt. St. Helens)
Mountain ranges
A series of mountains (Andes)
Oceans
The whole body of salt water (Atlantic Ocean)
Peninsula
A land mass mostly surrounded by water (Indochina Penninsula)
Plains
An excessive area of treeless land (The Great Plains)
Plateaus
A relatively leveled piece of land (Antarctica Plateau)
Rain Forest
A woodland with an annual rainfall of more than 100 inches (Amazon Rainforest)
Rivers
A large system of naturally flowing water (Amazon River)
Seas
A body of salt water (Baltic Sea)
Taiga
A moist, subarctic forest (Alaska)
Tundra
A level of rolling, treeless plain. (Arctic Tundra)
Valleys
An elongated depression of Earth’s surface. (Hunza Valley)
Population Density
The number of people in relation to the square miles
Desertification of the Sahel (1900s)
The Sahel has endured an extensive and severe drought. Desertification occurs when land surfaces are transformed by human activities, including overgrazing, deforestation, surface land mining, and poor irrigation techniques, during a natural time of drought.
Castle Bravo Nuclear Test (1960)
The first in a series of high-yield thermonuclear weapon design tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, as part of Operation Castle. Detonated on March 1, 1954, the device was the most powerful nuclear device detonated by the United States and the first lithium-deuteride-fueled thermonuclear weapon ever tested using the Teller-Ulam design.
Desertification of the Aral Sea (1900s)
The sea had shrunk to approximately 10 percent of its former size due to water diversions from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers for agriculture.
Two Mile Island Nuclear Meltdown
A partial nuclear meltdown at a nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania.
Chernobyl
The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union.
Exxon-Valdez Oil Spill
On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling 11 million gallons of oil.
Kuwait Oil Fires
The Kuwaiti oil fires were caused by the Iraqi military setting fire to a reported 605 to 732 oil wells along with an unspecified number of oil-filled low-lying areas, such as oil lakes and fire trenches, as part of a scorched earth policy while retreating from Kuwait in 1991 due to the advances of US-led coalition forces in the Gulf War.
Deep Water Horizon BP Oil Spill
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the “BP oil spill”) was an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010 off of the coast of the United States in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8 to 31 percent larger in volume than the previously largest, the Ixtoc I oil spill, also in the Gulf of Mexico.
Arable
Producing crops
Terrace Farming: A farm built on mountains or hillsides
Crop rotation: Planting different crops sequentially
Pastoral
Producing animals
Sustenance
Producing what is needed for self and family
Commercial
Producing to sell
Intensive
Small areas of land; high inputs of resources
Extensive
Large areas of land; low inputs of resources
Irigation
The supply of water to land and crops to promote growth.
Rain Fed
A natural application of water to crops from direct rainfall.
Surface Irrigation
Using gravity to move water across the land; no mechanical system.
Localized Irrigation
Using a network of pipes and low pressure to distribute water.
Center Pivot Irrigation
Using a system of sprinklers that move into a circular pattern is often used in flat areas.
Sub-Irrigation
Using pumping stations, canals, dams, gates, and ditches.
Manual Irrigation
Using manual labor and watering can distribute water
Energy
Clean Energy- solar, wind, water, geothermal, biomass, nuclear
Fossil Energy- coal, oil, natural gases
Electric Energy-Charged particles
Renewable Resources
Solar
Wind
Hydro Power
Nonrenewable Resources
Fossil Fuels
Coal
Natural Gas
Technology
Transportation
Communication
Construction
Energy and Power
Chemical and Biological
Manufacturing
Anthropology
Physical-The study of physical characteristics of human groups.
Cultural-The study of Cognitive and social organization
Assimilation
the process through which individuals and groups of differing heritages acquire the basic habits, attitudes, and modes of life of an embracing culture.
Socialization
the process whereby an individual learns to adjust to a group (or society) and behave in a manner approved by the group (or society).
Dewey
Learning by exploring and doing
Skinner
Behaviorism
Piaget
Stages of cognitive development
Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Vygotsky
Zone of proximal development
Community
Urban-cities
Suburban-residential,surrounding centers
Rural-Farmland
Ethnic Enclave
a geographical area where a particular ethnic group is spatially clustered and socially and economically distinct from the majority group.
Language
Method of human communication
High-Context Culture
Relies on gestures, eye contact, relationships, and other non-verbal communication.
Low Context Culture
Relies on explicit written or verbal communication
Christianity
major religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth (the Christ, or the Anointed One of God) in the 1st century ce. It has become the largest of the world’s religions and, geographically, the most widely diffused of all faiths.
Islam
is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad