Social Studies - American History Flashcards
1
Q
- purchased in 1803 by Jefferson although viewed as unconstitutional
- considered a milestone for the existence of the US
- consists of most of the land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains
A
Louisiana Purchase
2
Q
- invented in 1807
- Robert Fulton
- allowed traders to sail upriver with ease
A
Steamboat
3
Q
- also referred to as “The Second War of Independence”
- fought between US and British Empire in 1812
- ended with Treaty of Ghent with neither side gaining nor losing significant amounts of land
- brought a sense of American nationalism and pride
- followed by the “Era of Good Feelings”
A
War of 1812
4
Q
- Missouri’s application for statehood in 1819 created a problem bc there were 11 free and 11 slave states
- masterminded by Henry Clay
- allowed Missouri to be introduced as a slave state while the territory of Maine would be a free state
- 36’30 parallel (below slave; above free)
A
Missouri Compromise
5
Q
- James Monroe issued
- established that all lands in Americas were not colonized by European powers and any colonization attempts would be construed as an act of aggression toward the US
- US would not take part in any internal European affairs
A
Monroe Doctrine
6
Q
- in 1828 Andrew Jackson became president and marked a kind of revolution in American politics
- seen as a common man
- favored interests of new western settlers: namely cheap, available land and easy loans
A
Jacksonian Era
7
Q
- southern settlers decided to settle new lands in southern states where Native tribes were
- many had legal claim to their land
- Jackson favored relocation of Natives to west of the Mississippi River (Oklahoma)
-death due to disease, exhaustion, and starvation was common - ## 4,000 - 15,000 Native Americans died along the way
A
Trail of Tears
8
Q
destiny of the US to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific
A
Manifest destiny
9
Q
- 1845 US annexed Republic of Texas
- ignited war w Mexico bc they felt they still had the right to Texas
- Treaty of of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 (US got California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona in exchange for 18 million)
- America finally achieved the expansion from one ocean to another
A
Mexican-American War
10
Q
- helped shape the current boundaries of wester states
- California posed an issue to the Missouri Compromise
- made by Henry Clay
- Texas gave up must of its western land for 10m
- Fugitive Slave act of 1850 was passed
- slave trade was abolished in D.C
- New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah all decided for themselves if they wanted to be a slave or free state
- California was admitted as free
A
Compromise of 1850
11
Q
- slave who had been taken north by his master
- master died and continued to live in the North as a free man
- court ruled: he was a slave not a citizen so he had no right to sue in court; and that the Missouri Comp was unconstitutional because no state had the right to make slavery illegal
A
Dred Scott Case
12
Q
- fought between the Northern and Southern states of the US
- cause of war was centered on slavery and rights of states
- Lincoln was elected
- south succeeded from the union
- war lasted 3 years
- Battle of Gettysburg was turning point
- south surrendered on April 9th
- devastated the South
- end marked beginning of Reconstruction Era
A
Civil War
13
Q
- refers to the period in the US after the Civil War where legislation was passed to ensure equality among all men regardless of race and to rebuild the nation’s infrastructure destroyed during the war
- most notable achievements were thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments
A
Reconstruction Era
14
Q
refers to the social, economic, and political reforms passed by Republicans in Congress until the reforms were met, re-admittance to the Union was prohibited
A
Radical reconstruction
15
Q
- multi-millionaires who profited off the industries most needed during the civil war during the second wave of industrialization that followed it
A
John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil) Cornelius Vanderbild (railroads) Andrew Carnegie (US Steel_
16
Q
- named by Mark Twain
- great time of social conflict and trouble that was covered in a thin layer of gold
A
Gilded age
17
Q
- many middle class began to push for changes to the imbalance of power between the haves and the have-nots
- began at the local and state levels
- use of alcohol was a primary concern - prohibition
A
Progressive Era
18
Q
first major legislation regulating business practices
passed in 1890
A
Sherman Anti-Trust act
19
Q
The war was fought in the Atlantic and the Pacific. It only lasted four months and the United States was the clear victor in the conflict. In the Treaty of Paris (1898) the United States gained Spain’s colonies in the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico; and Cuba gained its independence in the treaty, although the US added a provision, the Platt Amendment, allowing for American oversight of their political decisions. Politically, the war established the United States as a world power and effectively ended the Spanish Empire. The war solidified the United States as a naval power and led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt as an American icon.
A
Spanish American War
20
Q
- organized by Martin Luther King
- more than 200,000 people gathered to listen to speeches and others
- In Washington
- Where the “I have a dream” speech was given
A
March on Washington (1963)
21
Q
- 54 mile march from Selma to Montgomery
- efforts to support voter registration for African Americans
- violent attacks from observers, police, and interference from governer
- LBJ spoke out against the violence
A
Selma to Montgomery March (1965)
22
Q
- marked by the liberal activism of the civil rights movements and related actions
A
the 1960s
23
Q
- former actor and governor of California
- oldest president elected
- seen as vibrant and charming
- focused on reducing the size of government with the exception of the military
- Star Wars - anti missile system that could stop missiles coming from space
- focused on “trickle down economics”
- gap between rich and poor grew wide again
A
Ronald Reagan (1981)
24
Q
- formed around 2000 BC; reached its peak from 200-900 AD
- occupied modern-day southern Mexico/Guatemala
- agricultural city-centered economy
- large city states
- built pyramids for religious ceremonies
- advanced writing system
A
Mayans
25
- lasted from 1438-1533
- largest Mesoamerican empire
- located alone the Pacific coast of SA
- Cuzco was capital
- advanced in math, ag, trade, architecture, and government
- believed in reincarnation
- conquered by Pizarro
Incas
26
- located in central Mexico
- capital Tenochtitlan
- modern day Mexico City
- vast and connected by roads
- informal city states
- paid tribute
Aztecs
27
- French North American exploration began with this
- water route through north america that would facilitate trade with Asia
- led by Jacques Cartier
Northwest Passage
28
economic though that dominated Europe in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries; belief that a country's wealth is measured by its gold reserves and countries should export more than they import to build the wealth of the nation
mercantilism
29
- allowed colonies to flourish, develop infant industries, and trade distinctly different from that of their Spanish and French counterparts
- had large ramifications in the events leading up to the Revolutionary War
Salutary neglect
30
- Virginia Colony's own representative legislative body in 1619
- became a model for structuring governments in the other colonies - particularly Chesapeake and South
House of Burgesses
31
- 1764
- parliament places a tax on sugar along with textiles, coffee, wines, and indigo
- forbid the importation of foreign rums and French wines
Sugar Act
32
- 1765
- tax levied only on the American colonies
- first direct tax on the colonists
- places a tax on all printed materials
- led to formation of Sons of Liberty
Stamp Act
33
- 1765
| - required colonists to provide room and board to all British soldiers
Quartering Act
34
- 1767
- Placed new taxes on imported items such as paper, glass, tea, lead, and paints
- implemented to cover cost of protecting and administrating the American colonies
Townshend Act
35
- 1770
- group of soldiers fired into a mob that was harassing them
- shots killed three individuals
- symbol of tensions between colonists and British
Boston Massacre
36
- 1773
- Reduced cost of tea but allowed British traders to bypass traditional middlemen and sell directly to the colonist
- led to the Boston Tea Party
Tea Act
37
- 1774
- Parliament passed a series of laws aimed at punishing Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party
- included closing of Boston Harbor; royal control of Massachusetts gov, stronger quartering act, and Quebec act
- Led to creation of First Continental Congress
Coercive or Intolerable Acts
38
- first shots fired at Lexington and Concord
- not fighting for independence, but to change policy
- The pamphlet Common Sense argued colonists should separate from British
- after 8 years of war, two sides signed the Treaty of Paris; granted independence to the newly created US
The American Revolution
