Social Studies 8H (incomplete) Flashcards
Person of Interest:
Lewis Latimer
Afro-Amer. inventor, who played a key role in improving practical electric writing.
Person of Interest:
Thomas Edison
Inventor of the practical electric lightbulb, and various other devices.
Person of Interest:
Alexander Graham Bell
Inventor of the telephone
Person of Interest:
John D. Rockefeller
Founded the Standard Oil Trust
possibly one of the richest hidden men of the 1900s
Term:
“Robber Baron”
A nickname for people with wealth attained through dishonest methods.
playing the system how it was meant to be played
Person of Interest:
Andrew Carnegie
Built the U.S. steel industry
Term:
Gilded Age
Late 1800s era of tremendous wealth
Term:
Patent
Government documents giving the inventor the exclusive right to the intellectual property of an invention, and furthermore, to make and sell an invention for a certain number of years.
“patent pending”
Term:
Corporation
Business owned by investors who buy part of it through shares of stock
Parker-Hannifin
Term:
Large Scale Manufacturing
A replacement for farming in many parts of the country during the gilded age.
Term:
Industrialization
The due process of develping industry and cutting down or automating labor efforts. This process rapidly reshaped the country, and brought us closer to what we know today.
Event:
Steel Industry
William Kelly (US) and Henry Bessemer (UK) rapidly developed the Bessemer steel process. This used much less coal then what the other process used, launching the production process of steel to new heights and increasing the nations steel outpust by 350 times between 1867-1900.
Event:
Electricity
Edison employed Lewis Latimer and many others to help invent preposterous amounts of products and, subsiquently, patents, the most out of most, if not all inventors. By 1882, Edison installed the first permanent commercial central power system in NYC.
factory opened in menlo park, NJ.
edison figured out how to make a home ready and stable electric light. He did NOT invent the electric light.
Event:
Telephone
Bell was adjusting the transmitter in his lab, and his assistant, Thomas Watson, was in another room with the reciever. Bell spilled some acid, and said “Watson, come here. I need you.” Watson burst through and exclaimed that he heard the words through the reciever
When was the influx of immigrants?
1890-1920 - During this time, millions came to the US.
Industrial Revolution caused what?
The industrialization led to people moving to cities to adjust to the new economic environment
Industries were usually located where?
In cities because of transportation capabilities and worker access.
Term:
Urbanization
The growth of cities because of the industrial ripple effect. Furthermore its the integration of new urban areas to accommodate for the new economic climate.
Term:
Skyscrapers
Tall buidings hosting the increased populus. Elevators came as a side effect of skyscrapers, astounding many.
Previously, buildings were no more than four stories.
Steel made skyscrapers possible by being able to support the weight of the buildings.
Terms:
Streetcars
Electric Streetcars became a quickly growing source of transport for New York.
The use of which allowed labourers to live further away from their jobs rather than in the cities.
Communities on the outskirts became known as suburbs and eventually became part of the city.
Before 1890s immigrants mainly came from where?
Northern and Western Europe
After 1890 “new” immigrants came mainly from where?
Southern and Eastern Europe
Term:
Ellis Island
New York’s station where European immigrants were processed. Immigrants were poked and prodded, baraged with questions and had to pass a medical exam; if they had health problems they were deported.
Term:
Angel Island
San Francisco Bay immigration station with horrible conditions were terrible; most asian immigrants were held for weeks
How did areas like Klien Doichland and Chinatown originate?
Though immigrants of similar ethnicities clumping together to help each other climb economic ranks.
Asians worked as what?
Usually they worked as plantain workers, fishermen, farmers, miners or railroad setters.
Term:
Nativists
People with great allegiance to their country. Usually xenophobic towards foreigners for many reasons; mainly because of lost economic oppertunities.
(people with a ton of undeserved nationalism, ego and confidence)
Nativists did not think immigrants would be able to blend into American society; or that if immigrants would blend into society, they would build political machines, and the immigrants will eventually control nativists. So they pushed for restrictions on immigrants.
Term
Melting Pot
A place where cultures blend
Term:
Asssimilation
The due prossess of blending into society by adopting preexisting cultures.
The use of preexisting language encouraged what?
The use of English and sometimes citizenship classes, helped some assimilate into society faster.
While assimilation was a prominent must for immigrants, there was still ____?
Reminants of native cultures, such as language, music and food.
Protestants feared ____?
Catholics and Jews
Job options for immigrants were generally ____?
Tedious, unsafe and long, as immigrants generally were unreserved and took whatever job they could get their hands on.
Nativists, however, worried they’d have to compete with immigrants for jobs, so they pushed for laws resticting immigration.
Term:
Sweatshops
Crowded, unventilated, dangerous factories where labourers worked long for low pay.
Term:
Immigration Act of 1882
New immigrants were taxed upon entry, and convicts or people with mental illness were banned.
Term:
Chinese Exclusion Act
Law passed in 1882 banning Chinese workers from immigrating to the US for 10 years (renewed every 10 years until 1943)
The CEA was renewed until 1943, because during WWII the US and China had a mutual enemy of Japan.
Event:
Chinese Racism
In the 1800s Chinese workers in the west faced mass discrimination. They were not only paid less then whites, but they were also subject to several racial attacks, and sometimes, they were even killed.
Term:
Peonage
A form of forced work until a debt is payed off. Functions like indentured servitude. This practice was not banned until 1911.
Most of the time it was mexicans and africans who were forced into peonage.
