Social Studies

Question 1

the constitution

Answer 1

rules in a country in a law book

Question 2

social problem

Answer 2

many people think the situation is undesirable
it is possible to change the situation
it involves conflicting interests

Question 3

interest

Answer 3

to want to change a situation to your own benefits or keep it the way it is when it is already positive for you.

Question 4

values and norms

Answer 4

the ideals what people have
Values are the beliefs people have about what is right and wrong
A norm is an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing based on a certain value.

Question 5

culture

Answer 5

the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs of a particular group of people at a particular time.

Question 6

Dominant culture

Answer 6

the body of values, norms and characteristics that are accepted by people within a society.

Question 7

Subculture

Answer 7

A subculture is a group of people with different ideologies and usually fashion and music tastes than that of the larger culture they are a part of.

Question 8

Counterculture

Answer 8

a culture whose values and norms of behaviour differ substantially from those of mainstream society (dominant culture), often in opposition to mainstream cultural norms.

Question 9

the onion diagram

Answer 9

values
rituals
heroes
symbols

Question 10

Socialisation

Answer 10

the process by which someone is taught (partly subconsciously) the values and norms and other cultural features of his group.

Question 11

agents of socialisation

Answer 11

These are the institutions and organisations within which and through which the transfer of culture takes place in a society.

Question 12

social control

Answer 12

the way in which people encourage or even force others to behave as is expected from them in a certain group.

Question 13

internalisation

Answer 13

when certain aspects of the culture you belong to become so much a part of you that you automatically behave in the way that is expected of you.

Question 14

Human migration

Answer 14

the movement of people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily at a new location.

Question 15

refugee

Answer 15

A person who moves from their home because of a natural disaster or civil disturbance

Question 16

asylum seeker.

Answer 16

A person seeking refuge from political or religious reason

Question 17

Push and pull factors (echt gc vibes ugh)

Answer 17

A push factor is a flaw or distress that drives a person away from a certain place. A pull factor is something concerning the country to which a person migrates.

Question 18

name 4 migration forms for the netherlands

Answer 18

labour migration: guest workers where invited to the netherlands in 1950s early 1960s
family reunification: the family if the guest workers come to reunite with them
migration from former colonies: for example the moluccans in 1945-1965
asylum seekers: 1980s till now asylum seekers flee their country of origin for political, humanitarian or economic reasons and arrive in the Netherlands from all parts of the world.

Question 19

pluralist societies

Answer 19

People with differing cultural backgrounds live together.

Question 20

segregation

Answer 20

people of different cultural background live in different areas of cities, that they go to different schools and that mixed marriages are rare.

Question 21

Integration

Answer 21

takes place when someone adapts to the culture of the place he is living in, while still keeping some of his own customs.

Question 22

A person coming here from another country is integrated into Dutch society when:

Answer 22

• they have equality before the law
• they have equal opportunity in the social-economic field (to get a job for example)
• their knowledge of Dutch is sufficient
• they respect the most important values and nor

Question 23

assimilation

Answer 23

When a cultural group completely adopts the culture of the country they moved to, to the extent that the original culture more or less disappears

Question 24

salad bowl concept

Answer 24

the integration of the many different cultures of United States residents combine like a salad, as opposed to the more traditional notion of a cultural melting pot.but do not form together into a single homogeneous culture; each culture keeps its own distinct qualities.

Question 25

melting pot

Answer 25

a society where many different types of people blend together as one

Question 26

Catholicism

Answer 26

• God is worshiped as the holy trinity (the father, the son and the Holy Spirit).
• In the Catholic church you will find images of Jesus, Mary and other saints.
• The pope is seen by the Catholics as a substitute for God on earth.
• To go to heaven you must not only believe in God, you must also live “well” and adhere to
Catholic traditions such as baptism.
Origin: 1st century AD.
Number of believers: 1.1 billion
Main location: South Europe and South America
Holy book: The Bible
Holy places: Bethlehem, Jerusalem and Rome
Religious building: Church and monastery
Spiritual leaders: Priest, bishop and pope
Important (holiday) days: Christmas and Easter
Hereafter: They believe in heaven and hell
Different movements: Catholicism is a movement within Christianity.

Question 27

Protestantism

Answer 27

• Reading the Bible yourself is important. The Bible was translated from Latin into different
languages so you didn’t need to know Latin to read the Bible.
• Protestantism has the cross as a symbol, but no images of Jesus and other people. The
interior of Protestant churches is much simpler than that of Catholic churches.
• Protestants do not worship saints like Mary, but only worship God (and Jesus).
• The Pope is not accepted as a substitute for God on earth.
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• People can only come to heaven through faith in God, you cannot earn a place in heaven (and certainly not buy it).
Origin: 15th - 16th centuries AD.
Number of believers: 450 million
Main location: Northwest Europe and North America
Holy book: The Bible
Holy places: Bethlehem and Jerusalem
Religious building: Church
Spiritual leader: Pastor
Important (holiday) days: Easter and Pentecost
Hereafter: They believe in heaven and hell
Different movements: among others Lutheranism, Calvinism, Pentecostal Church

Question 28

Judaism

Answer 28

• Yahweh is worshiped as creator. He created the earth.
• Moses is the most important prophet of the Jews. A prophet is someone who passes on
information from God to people.
• If a boy turns thirteen or a girl turns twelve, they are mature in the Jewish faith.
• The 10 commandments are important rules of life for Jews.
Origin: around 2000 BC
Number of believers: 15 million
Main location: Israel, the US, Russia and Europe
Holy book: The Torah and the Talmud
Holy places: Jerusalem
Religious building: Synagogue
Spiritual leader: Rabbi
Important (holiday) days: Jom Kippoer (Great Day of Atonement), Hanukkah (festival of Light)
Hereafter: Paradise (heaven) and hell
Different movements: among others Orthodox Judaism, liberal Judaism

Question 29

Islam

Answer 29

• Muslims should live their lives according to the five pillars of Islam. These are the religious
obligations for all Muslims. They must: believe, pray, give money to the poor, go on a pilgrimage to Mecca and fast during Ramadan.
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• The Koran also provides rules about the use of food. Food that is halal is permitted according to the Quran. Eating pork is forbidden to Muslims and also the use of alcohol.
• Islam does not know the concept of the remission of sins, every person is responsible for his actions.
Origin: In the 7th century AD
Number of believers: 1.2 billion
Main location: Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia Holy book: The Koran and Sharia (law book)
Holy places: Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
Religious building: Mosque
Spiritual leader: Imam
Important (holiday) days: Sugar festival and Offer festival Hereafter: There is talk of heaven and hell
Different movements: Soenism and Shi’ism, among others

Question 30

Buddhism

Answer 30

• The founder of Buddhism was Prince Siddharta Gautama. This prince left the wealth to seek
the truth. He was called Buddha (enlightened).
• The concept of karma is important in Buddhism. This means that good deeds lead to
happiness and that bad deeds have bad consequences.
• The purpose of Buddhism is to understand the world. People suffer because they don’t
understand the world well. You can find the truth by living well.
Origin: 5th century BC
Number of believers: 420 million
Main location: Sri Lanka, China, Japan, East Asia
Holy book: Pali-canon, Dhammapada, Tibetan Book of the Dead Holy places: none
Religious building: Temples and monasteries
Spiritual person: Monk
Important (holiday) days: Vesakha Puja (Buddha’s birthday) Hereafter: Reincarnation
Different movements: ao Zen Buddhism, Tibetan Lamaism

Question 31

Hinduism

Answer 31

• Hindus respect everything that lives. Many Hindus are therefore also vegetarian.
• A Hindu will never hurt a cow or eat beef. In India you often see cows roaming the streets.
The cow is sacred because of the care that the beast pays to its calf.
• The soul in imperishable. After death, a body must be cremated as quickly as possible so that
the soul can return to another body (reincarnation).
Origin: around 3000 BC
Number of believers: 650 million
Main location: India, Nepal, Central Asia
Holy book: the Ramayana, Vedas and the Mahabharata
Sacred places: the river Ganges
Religious building: Temple
Spiritual leader: Priest (Brahman)
Important (holiday) days: Holi (spring party), Diwali (light festival)
Hereafter: There is talk of reincarnation, so you do not have to be afraid of death. Different movements: Brahmanism, Vedanta, Yoga