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acadeca 24-25 > social science: the anthropocene > Flashcards

social science: the anthropocene Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cycles that refer to patterns of the earth’s movement in relation to the sun?

A

milankovitch cycles

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2
Q

according to existing natural factors, the earth would currently be heading toward a ________ period, but anthropogenic causes have set the earth’s climate in the direction of rapid warming instead.

A

cooling

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3
Q

what does the root word “kainos”mean?

A

new

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4
Q

traces of plutonium-239 can be found in soil as a result of what?

A

nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s

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5
Q

who were the first two people to use the term “anthropocene” in 2000?

A

Paul J. Crutzen and Eugene F. Stoermer

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6
Q

What did Paul J. Crutzen and Eugene F. Stoermer propose as the start of the antropocene (hint: it coincided with the popularization of the steam engine)?

A

late 18th century

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7
Q

what year did the anthropocene working group vote in favor of treating the anthropocene as a formal geological epoch?

A

2019

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8
Q

When did the “Great Acceleration” start?

A

1950

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9
Q

What year did the AWG propose as the start of the Anthropocene?

A

1950

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10
Q

the holocene is described as a ___________ period.

A

interglacial

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11
Q

What is global synchrony that’s used to describe a characteristic of today’s warming?

A

global warming today is happening more
evenly around the globe than past climate change

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12
Q

From what year to what year did the LIA last?

A

1300 -1850

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13
Q

The LIA was caused by what two forcings?

A

solar forcings and volanic forcings

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14
Q

Who is the author of A Christmas Carol (1843)
and Oliver Twist (1837−39)?

A

Charles Dickens

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15
Q

who coined the term the “great acceleration”?

A

J. R. McNeill

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16
Q

The human population around 1780 was about what?

A

one billion

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17
Q

By 1930, what was the human population?

A

more than doubled from 1780, to two billion

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18
Q

Who was the scientist that first argued atmospheric
water vapor and carbon dioxide could interact
with solar rays to raise the Earth’s temperature?

A

Eunice Newton Foote

19
Q

Who was the top producer and top consumer of oil in the early 2020s?

A

the United States

20
Q

In what Iraqi city was oil discovered in 1927?

A

Kirkuk

21
Q

The UN reports that fossil fuels comprise over what percent of global GHG emissions?

A

75%

22
Q

The UN reports that fossil fuels comprise over what percent of global CO2 emissions?

A

90%

23
Q

Why is wealth concentrated in Western countries?

A

lots of reasons, but a big part is that they benefitted from industrialization for centuries, and from colonization of other countries

24
Q

Who is the world’s leading emitter in carbon dioxide?

A

China

25
Q

Who is the world’s fourth leading emitter in CO2?

A

India

26
Q

Per person, China emits how much less compared to the US?

A

half as much as the US

27
Q

India emits less than how much per person compared to the US?

A

less than one seventh

28
Q

What are the three components of the triple planetary crisis?

A

1) climate change
2) biodiversity loss
3) air pollution

29
Q

In the summer of 2023, the heat in Iran pushed the boundaries of human capacities reaching how high?

A

158 degrees fahrenheit

30
Q

What kind of abnormally severe weather raged through Greece, Australia, California, Canada, and Hawaii in recent years?

A

fires :(

31
Q

Sea level
rise also accelerates __________ ___________, increasing the
vulnerability of communities further inland to storm
surge flooding.

A

coastal erosion

32
Q

What hurricane struck Florida in 2022 causing 156 fatalities and $112 B in damages?

A

hurricane Ian

33
Q

in 2022 the western US suffered a drought that was said to be the worst drought in the region in how many years>

A

1,200 years

34
Q

The horn of Africa is how many more times more likely to suffer drought?

A

100x

35
Q

What were the five important insights related to health risks associated with climate change reported by the UN in 2017?

A

1) Certain groups
have higher susceptibility to climate-sensitive health
impacts
2) Many infectious diseases, including water-
borne ones, are highly sensitive to climate conditions;
3) Climate change lengthens the transmission season
and expands the geographical range of many diseases;
4) Climate change will bring new and emerging health
issues, including heatwaves and other extreme events;
5) Malnutrition and undernutrition influenced by
floods and drought

36
Q

The US estimated that almost how many people move their homes due to extreme weather events every year?

A

30 million

37
Q

What organization was established after World War II?

A

the United Nations

38
Q

What year was the UN established?

A

1946

39
Q

What is a chief aim of the United Nations, as stated in the Charter of the UN?

A

preventing the use of force in international relations

40
Q

What year did the USSR launch Sputnik into orbit?

A

1957

41
Q

What year did the US land humans on the moon?

A

1969

42
Q

What year was NASA founded?

A

1958

43
Q

What is a defining characteristic

A

acadeca 24-25 (6 decks)

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