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acadeca 24-25 > social science: responding to the climate crisis > Flashcards

social science: responding to the climate crisis Flashcards

1
Q

What organization was established after WWII?

A

The United Nations

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2
Q

What year was the UN established?

A

1946

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3
Q

What is a chief aim of the United Nations, as stated in the Charter of the UN?

A

preventing the use of force in international relations

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4
Q

What year did the USSR launch Sputnik into orbit?

A

1957

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5
Q

What year did the US land humans on the moon?

A

1969

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6
Q

What year was NASA founded?

A

1958

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7
Q

What is a defining characteristic of ESS?

A

it brings the subjects of different fields–geology, biology, and meteorology, for instance–into a single view of Earth’s and Earth’s relationship to other celestial bodies including the Sun

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8
Q

Who was the American physicist and engineer that suggested the ICSU embark on a systematic and comprehensive study of global geophysical activities over a set period in 1952?

A

Lloyd Berkner

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9
Q

From what year to what year did the international geophysical year run?

A

July 1957 to December 1958

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10
Q

Why was 1957-1958 chosen to be the International Geophysical Year?

A

it was selected to correspond with a high point in the 11-year cycle of sunspot activity

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11
Q

Who was a scientist that was part of the research in IGY that measured atmospheric carbon dioxide from Mauna Loa in Hawaii?

A

Chales David Keeling

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12
Q

Which scientist traveled to washington dc to alert the national academy of sciences that increasing co2 levels throughout the rest of the century could have serious consequences?

A

Bert Bolin, 1959

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13
Q

The Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) was organized in the collaboration of what two organizations?

A

the International Council for Science (ISCU) and the World Meteorological Association (WMO)

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14
Q

Which organization succeeded GARP as the new center for the study of climate change?

A

World Climate Research Programme

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15
Q

What year was the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme created?

A

1987

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16
Q

Which scientist, alongside other scientists, pushed for the establishment of a new scientific program that studied global climate change more broadly in order to contextualize climate change and its causes?

A

Bert Bolin

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17
Q

In 1985, where did the ICSU, WMO, and UNEP organize a major conference around the topic “Assessment of the role of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in climate variations and associated impacts”?

A

Villanch, Austria

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18
Q

How is the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment related to the ICSU?

A

it is an ICSU committee

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19
Q

The report “the greenhouse effect, climate change and ecosystems” was issued by what organization?

A

Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE)

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20
Q

What organization was the product of the conference in Villanch, Austria?

A

AGGG (Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases)

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21
Q

Where was the conference titled “The Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security” was hosted where?

A

Toronto, Canada

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22
Q

Who was the first chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?

A

Bert Bolin

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23
Q

What organization remains the most authoritative source of information about the science of climate change?

A

the IPCC

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24
Q

Who were the authors of the bestselling book titled “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming’?

A

Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway

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25
Q

What organization did William Nierenburg work at before retiring, and joining the Board of Directors at a think tank in Washington, DC called the George C. Marshall Institute?

A

retired as Director of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography

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26
Q

What was the political agenda that the Marshall Institute aimed to achieve?

A

defend certain Cold War policies

27
Q

What year did the Berlin Wall come down?

A

1989

28
Q

What was the topic of the unpublished scientific paper that Nierenberg and his colleagues at the Marshall Institute presented to the Bush administration?

A

how solar variability, not greenhouse gases, was causing global warming

29
Q

Prominent members of what former US president’s administration enthusiastically adopted the scientifically dubious argument of the Marshall Institute’s paper?

A

Bush administration

30
Q

Which US president directed the US to sign the Kyoto Protocol?

A

Bill Clinton (except this would not be ratified by the US Senate and would not be binding for the nation)

31
Q

Which US president’s administration reaffirmed the US’s rejection of the Kyoto Protocol?

A

Bush administration (George W. Bush)

32
Q

What company began funding organizations that opposed business regulations and promoted skepticism of climate science?

A

Exxon Mobil

33
Q

What year was the most profitable year for the biggest western oil companies?

A

2022

34
Q

What company hired a marketing company to produce the concept of a carbon footprint?

A

British Petroleum (BP)

35
Q

What year did the US Chamber of Commerce acknowledge that humans contribute to climate change?

A

2019

36
Q

Out of the 39 policies that the US Chamber of Commerce took a stance on, how many times did they vote against climate action?

A

25 times!!

37
Q

What was the name of the international agreement that aimed to combat climate change?

A

2015 Paris Agreement

38
Q

What year did the US withdraw from the paris agreement?

A

2017

39
Q

What was the name of the Brazilian president who oversaw a rapid increase in the deforestation of the Brazilian rainforest?

A

Jair Bolsonaro

40
Q

In the UK, in 2022, nearly how much of the British broadcasters cast doubt on climate science?

A

one third

41
Q

Which news station reported on the Canadian forest fires pouring into the US and gave airtime to known supporters of the oil industry who denied scientific consensus on the dangers of smoke?

A

Fox News, Laura Ingraham

42
Q

In 1992, the UN hosted a conference on Environment and Development. Where was it hosted?

A

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

43
Q

What organization did the UN found at the conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro?

A

the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), AKA UN Climate Change

44
Q

What year was the UNFCCC or UN Climate Change founded?

A

1992

45
Q

The Kyoto Protocol is a binding agreement among how many nations that was adopted in 1997 and put into effect in 2005?

A

37 nations

46
Q

The participating nations in the Kyoto Protocol had individual emission reduction targets that taken together as a whole came out to what percent emission reduction over the years 2008 to 2012, compared to 1990 levels?

A

5 percent

47
Q

The Paris Climate Agreement was adopted by how many parties?

A

196

48
Q

The Paris Climate Agreement sets the goal of limiting the increase of global average temperatures to well below what amount?

A

2 degrees C, but more recently emphasized 1.5 C

49
Q

What percent must GHG emissions decline by 2030 in order to reach the goal of the Paris Climate Agreement

A

43 percent

50
Q

Who was the congressional representative from New York who championed legislation known as the Green New Deal?

A

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

51
Q

Who was the senator from Massachusetts who worked with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to champion the Green New Deal?

A

Ed Markey

52
Q

What year did President Biden sign the IRA?

A

2022

53
Q

What act provided the largest source of government-funding for climate-related issues in US history?

A

Inflation Reduction Act

54
Q

The IRA provides about how much money in climate funding?

A

$369 Billion

55
Q

How much of global energy did wind and solar generate in 2022?

A

12 percent

56
Q

What did philosopher Olufemi O. Taiwo argue about climate justice?

A

it should entail awareness of the historical legacies that have created today’s global wealth and power disparities
- he warned that if the Green New Deal were enacted, it could bolster “climate colonialism”

57
Q

Which US president attempted to incorporate a concern for justice into policy with the Justice40 Initiative?

A

Biden

58
Q

What was the Justice40 Initiative’s goal?

A

set the goal that 40 percent of overall benefits from Federal investment in certain categories flow to underserved communities

59
Q

What are the categories of investment to which the Justice40 Initiative applies?

A

climate change, clean energy and energy efficiency, clean transit, affordable and sustainable housing, training and workforce development, remediation and reduction of legacy pollution, and the development of critical clean water and wastewater infrastructure

60
Q

Who was a climate activist who has contributed to IPCC reports and works on communicating the science of climate change in a way that resonates with her own faith community: Evangelical Christians?

A

Katherine Hayhoe

61
Q

Where was the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe protest taking in 2016 and 2017 place?

A

North Dakota

62
Q

Who was the member of the Munduruku Indigenous group who took action against Anglo Ameican and protected 400,000 acres of indigenous territory?

A

Alessandra Korap Munduruku

63
Q
A

acadeca 24-25 (6 decks)

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