Social Science Flashcards
What does education technology include?
use of media to deliver
-text
-audio
-images
-animation
-streaming video
-includes technology applications and processes (TV, computer-based learning, CD, etc.)
What are three elements that define complex informational texts?
-qualitative features: type and depth of vocab, levels of meaning, language conventions, and clarity and knowledge demands)
-quantitative features: readability levels and measures of complexity
-matching reader to text and task: reader variables (motivation, knowledge, experiences) and task variables (purpose and complexity generated by task and questions)
What types of question should teachers ask?
-task dependent questions (require students to read, interpret, analyze, and evaluate content)
What is realia?
objects or activities that can be used to relate classroom content to real life
What graphic organizer can help teachers focus instruction and identify key questions for each social science concept?
PERSIA
-political (who is in charge?)
-economic (how do people make a living?)
-religion (what do people believe?)
-social (how do people relate to each other?)
-intellectual/arts (how do humans learn and express themselves?)
-area/geography (how does where humans live impact how they live?)
What are two elements a classroom has?
-physical (layout, lighting, organization of resources, comfort)
-affective (sense of safety, inclusion, and community)
What is Social Science?
a set of disciplines that provide knowledge about societies and people
What are teachers’ jobs when teaching history?
-relate important info about past happenings
-ensure info is authentic and accurate
-engage students in exploring evidence from various sources
What are some tools that support causal analysis?
-timelines
-charts
-graphs
What were Africa’s contributions and impacts on technological developments?
-first place humans are know to have existed
-migration of early humans from Africa to all parts of the world formed basis for the nations and civilizations of today
What were the Americas’ contributions and impacts on technological developments?
-indigenous Native Americans contributed almanacs of meteorological and astronomical info, calendar, and agricultural domestication of plants and animals
-first colony to gain independence from a mother country
-understanding of astronomy contributed to understand of our place in the world
-domestication fostered agricultural endeavors that allowed civilizations to develop cities
-independence became an achievable goal for other colonies
What were Asia’s contributions and impacts on technological developments?
-extensive trade routes developed within Asia and across Europe, which gave access to spices and other rare goods
-discovery of the Americas by Europeans due to desire for a faster route to the East (led countries to send ships West)
What were the Middle East’s contributions and impacts on technological developments?
-first civilizations with tools led to achievement in building and craftwork with metal
-first system of alphabetic writing, mathematical principles, agriculture, art, music, and healing arts (surgery; medicine)
-origination of Jewish, Islamic, and Christian religions
What were Europe’s contributions and impacts on technological developments?
-first established democracy in Greece where education was value and political theory debated
-art, music, and architecture from Middle Ages
-European nations colonized the Americans and other areas of the world
-education, political concepts, and appreciation of the arts contributed to development of colonies around the world
Approximately how old is Eart?
4.5 billion years old
What were the earliest known humans called and where did they live?
-hominids
-lived in Africa (3-4 million years ago)
What are the 3 periods prehistory is divided into?
-Paleolithic: Old Stone Age; emergence of first-known hominids (until ~10,000 BCE); small groups (10-20) of nomadic people; made tools and weapons from stone + bones of animals; foraged for food; took shelter in caves + other natural formations; painted and drew on walls of caves; ~500,000 years ago started using fire
-Mesolithic: Middle Stone Age (10,000-7,000 BCE); beginning of major transformation aka Neolithic Revolution; domesticated plants; shift away from reliance on hunting large game and foraging; able to plant and harvest some crops; began to stay in one place for longer periods; improved toolmaking techniques; developed various weapons + tools
-Neolithic: New Stone Age (aka agricultural revolution); systematic agricultural practices; domesticated animals; settled in farming villages or towns; population and community increase; structured social system; more organization within societies; development of crafts; increase in exchanges of goods among groups
What is the beginning of recorded history?
-existence of written records (end of prehistoric history)
-writing developed between 4000 and 3000 BCE (during Neolithic period)
Where did the first civilizations emerge?
in Mesopotamia and Egypt
Mesopotamia
-ancient civilization of Sumer (4000-2000 BCE) + included city of Ur
-Sumerians constructed dikes + reservoirs
-established loose confederation of city-states
-probably invented writing (cuneiform - wedge-shaped letters)
-after 538 BCE, absorbed into other empires and dynasties (insufficient natural boundaries)
Egypt
-~3200 BCE, Menes or Narmer probably unified upper + lower Egypt
-capital moved to Memphis during Third Dynasty (~2650 BCE)
-pyramids built during Fourth Dynasty (2613-2494 BCE)
-under successive control of Assyrians, Persians and Alexandra the Great after 1085 BCE (Post-Empire period)
-under successive control of Roman Empire in 30 BCE
Palestine and Hebrews
-Phoenicians settled along present-day coast of Lebanon
-established colonies at Carthage and in Spain
-spread Mesopotamian culture through trade networks
-probably moved to Egypt ~1700BCE
-suffered enslavement until ~1500 BCE
-Hebrews fled Egypt under Moses
-returned to Palestine ~1200 BCE
-Kind David (1012-972 BCE) defeated Philistines and established Jerusalem as capital of his kingdom
-Chaldeans transported Jews to Chaldea as advisors and Slaves (Babylonian captivity)
-Persians conquered Babylon (539 BCE) + allowed Jews to return to Palestine
Greece
-Greek society organized around polis (city-state) ~500 BCE
-oligarchs controlled most of polis until end of 6th century (democratic govs. replaced them)
-5th century (Classical Age) = high point of Greek civilization
-Persian Wars (560-479 BCE)
-Athens organized Delian League (Pericles [~495-429 BCE] used money from league to rebuild Athens + construct Parthenon + other buildings on Acropolis)
-war with Sparta due to Athens’ political + cultural dominance
-revolution in philosophy
-Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle (Plato’s student)
Rome
-traditional founding date of Rome = 753 BCE
-Greek tribes colonized southern Italy (between 800-500 BCE); brought their alphabet and religious practices
-Etruscans expanded southward and conquered Rome (6th + 7th centuries BCE)
-Pompey and Julius Caesar emerged as most powerful men (70s + 60s BCE)
-Caesar convinced Pompey and Crassus to form First Triumvirate (60 BCE)
-Caesar and Pompey fought for leadership when Crassus died
-Senate proclaimed Caesar dictator (47 BCE) and consul for life
-Brutus and Cassius formed a conspiracy (believed Caesar destroyed the Republic)
-“ “ assassinated Caesar on March 14, 44 BCE (Ides of March) in Roman forum
-Octavian (Caesar’s nephew + adopted son) succeeded him (27 BCE - 14 CE); new title in 27 BCE: Augustus
-“ “ introduced many reforms (new coinage, tax collection, fire and police protection, etc.)
