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FTCE Elementary Ed > Social Science > Flashcards

Social Science Flashcards

1
Q

What does education technology include?

A

use of media to deliver
-text
-audio
-images
-animation
-streaming video
-includes technology applications and processes (TV, computer-based learning, CD, etc.)

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2
Q

What are three elements that define complex informational texts?

A

-qualitative features: type and depth of vocab, levels of meaning, language conventions, and clarity and knowledge demands)
-quantitative features: readability levels and measures of complexity
-matching reader to text and task: reader variables (motivation, knowledge, experiences) and task variables (purpose and complexity generated by task and questions)

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3
Q

What types of question should teachers ask?

A

-task dependent questions (require students to read, interpret, analyze, and evaluate content)

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4
Q

What is realia?

A

objects or activities that can be used to relate classroom content to real life

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5
Q

What graphic organizer can help teachers focus instruction and identify key questions for each social science concept?

A

PERSIA
-political (who is in charge?)
-economic (how do people make a living?)
-religion (what do people believe?)
-social (how do people relate to each other?)
-intellectual/arts (how do humans learn and express themselves?)
-area/geography (how does where humans live impact how they live?)

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6
Q

What are two elements a classroom has?

A

-physical (layout, lighting, organization of resources, comfort)
-affective (sense of safety, inclusion, and community)

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7
Q

What is Social Science?

A

a set of disciplines that provide knowledge about societies and people

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8
Q

What are teachers’ jobs when teaching history?

A

-relate important info about past happenings
-ensure info is authentic and accurate
-engage students in exploring evidence from various sources

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9
Q

What are some tools that support causal analysis?

A

-timelines
-charts
-graphs

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10
Q

What were Africa’s contributions and impacts on technological developments?

A

-first place humans are know to have existed
-migration of early humans from Africa to all parts of the world formed basis for the nations and civilizations of today

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11
Q

What were the Americas’ contributions and impacts on technological developments?

A

-indigenous Native Americans contributed almanacs of meteorological and astronomical info, calendar, and agricultural domestication of plants and animals
-first colony to gain independence from a mother country
-understanding of astronomy contributed to understand of our place in the world
-domestication fostered agricultural endeavors that allowed civilizations to develop cities
-independence became an achievable goal for other colonies

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12
Q

What were Asia’s contributions and impacts on technological developments?

A

-extensive trade routes developed within Asia and across Europe, which gave access to spices and other rare goods
-discovery of the Americas by Europeans due to desire for a faster route to the East (led countries to send ships West)

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13
Q

What were the Middle East’s contributions and impacts on technological developments?

A

-first civilizations with tools led to achievement in building and craftwork with metal
-first system of alphabetic writing, mathematical principles, agriculture, art, music, and healing arts (surgery; medicine)
-origination of Jewish, Islamic, and Christian religions

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14
Q

What were Europe’s contributions and impacts on technological developments?

A

-first established democracy in Greece where education was value and political theory debated
-art, music, and architecture from Middle Ages
-European nations colonized the Americans and other areas of the world
-education, political concepts, and appreciation of the arts contributed to development of colonies around the world

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15
Q

Approximately how old is Eart?

A

4.5 billion years old

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16
Q

What were the earliest known humans called and where did they live?

A

-hominids
-lived in Africa (3-4 million years ago)

17
Q

What are the 3 periods prehistory is divided into?

A

-Paleolithic: Old Stone Age; emergence of first-known hominids (until ~10,000 BCE); small groups (10-20) of nomadic people; made tools and weapons from stone + bones of animals; foraged for food; took shelter in caves + other natural formations; painted and drew on walls of caves; ~500,000 years ago started using fire

-Mesolithic: Middle Stone Age (10,000-7,000 BCE); beginning of major transformation aka Neolithic Revolution; domesticated plants; shift away from reliance on hunting large game and foraging; able to plant and harvest some crops; began to stay in one place for longer periods; improved toolmaking techniques; developed various weapons + tools

-Neolithic: New Stone Age (aka agricultural revolution); systematic agricultural practices; domesticated animals; settled in farming villages or towns; population and community increase; structured social system; more organization within societies; development of crafts; increase in exchanges of goods among groups

18
Q

What is the beginning of recorded history?

A

-existence of written records (end of prehistoric history)
-writing developed between 4000 and 3000 BCE (during Neolithic period)

19
Q

Where did the first civilizations emerge?

A

in Mesopotamia and Egypt

20
Q

Mesopotamia

A

-ancient civilization of Sumer (4000-2000 BCE) + included city of Ur
-Sumerians constructed dikes + reservoirs
-established loose confederation of city-states
-probably invented writing (cuneiform - wedge-shaped letters)
-after 538 BCE, absorbed into other empires and dynasties (insufficient natural boundaries)

21
Q

Egypt

A

-~3200 BCE, Menes or Narmer probably unified upper + lower Egypt
-capital moved to Memphis during Third Dynasty (~2650 BCE)
-pyramids built during Fourth Dynasty (2613-2494 BCE)
-under successive control of Assyrians, Persians and Alexandra the Great after 1085 BCE (Post-Empire period)
-under successive control of Roman Empire in 30 BCE

22
Q

Palestine and Hebrews

A

-Phoenicians settled along present-day coast of Lebanon
-established colonies at Carthage and in Spain
-spread Mesopotamian culture through trade networks
-probably moved to Egypt ~1700BCE
-suffered enslavement until ~1500 BCE
-Hebrews fled Egypt under Moses
-returned to Palestine ~1200 BCE
-Kind David (1012-972 BCE) defeated Philistines and established Jerusalem as capital of his kingdom
-Chaldeans transported Jews to Chaldea as advisors and Slaves (Babylonian captivity)
-Persians conquered Babylon (539 BCE) + allowed Jews to return to Palestine

23
Q

Greece

A

-Greek society organized around polis (city-state) ~500 BCE
-oligarchs controlled most of polis until end of 6th century (democratic govs. replaced them)
-5th century (Classical Age) = high point of Greek civilization
-Persian Wars (560-479 BCE)
-Athens organized Delian League (Pericles [~495-429 BCE] used money from league to rebuild Athens + construct Parthenon + other buildings on Acropolis)
-war with Sparta due to Athens’ political + cultural dominance
-revolution in philosophy
-Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle (Plato’s student)

24
Q

Rome

A

-traditional founding date of Rome = 753 BCE
-Greek tribes colonized southern Italy (between 800-500 BCE); brought their alphabet and religious practices
-Etruscans expanded southward and conquered Rome (6th + 7th centuries BCE)
-Pompey and Julius Caesar emerged as most powerful men (70s + 60s BCE)
-Caesar convinced Pompey and Crassus to form First Triumvirate (60 BCE)
-Caesar and Pompey fought for leadership when Crassus died
-Senate proclaimed Caesar dictator (47 BCE) and consul for life
-Brutus and Cassius formed a conspiracy (believed Caesar destroyed the Republic)
-“ “ assassinated Caesar on March 14, 44 BCE (Ides of March) in Roman forum
-Octavian (Caesar’s nephew + adopted son) succeeded him (27 BCE - 14 CE); new title in 27 BCE: Augustus
-“ “ introduced many reforms (new coinage, tax collection, fire and police protection, etc.)

25
Q

What is the origin of Christianity in the Middle East?

A

-Jesus born in Bethlehem (now Palestine)
-Christianity based on his life, teachings, death, and resurrection
-3 major branches of Christianity: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism
-BC = before Christ
-Anno Domini (AD) = Latin for “in the year of the lord”
-BCE = Before Common Era (formerly BC)
-CE = Common Era (formerly AD)

26
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

-Christianity spread through Empire (1st century)
-Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity (~312 CE); ordered toleration in Edict of Milan (~313 CE)
-Emperor Theodosius I proclaimed Christianity as Empire’s official religion (391 ce)
-Emperor Theodosius II divided Empire between his two sons (one ruling East and other ruling West)
-Constantinople became undisputed leading city after Vandals sacked Rome (~455 CE)
-Constantinople fell to Ottoman Turks (1435 CE)

27
Q

Islamic Civilization

A

-Mohammed born 570 CE
-“ “ marched to Mecca (630 CE)
-Sharia (code of law and theology) outlines 5 pillars of faith for Muslims
-Koran consists of 114 suras (verses) and Mohammed’s teachings
-Omayyad caliphs (aka Shiites) governed 661-750 BCE, believed they were Mohammed’s true successors
-most Muslims were Sunnis
-Abbasid caliphs (750-1258 CE) moved capital to Baghdad + treated Arab and non-Arab Muslims as equals
-Genghis Khan (or Chingis) invaded Abbasids; seized Baghdad + murdered last caliph (1258 CE)

28
Q

Feudalism in Japan

A

-feudalism began with mounted nomadic warriors from throughout Asia during Koran Era (300-710 CE)
-hereditary military aristocracy arose during Heian Era (794-1185 CE)
Minamoto no Yorimoto forced emperor to award him title of shogun (“barbarian-subduing generalissimo”); used this power to found Kamakura Shogunate (a federal military dictatorship lasting 148 years)
-great military governors augmented their power enough to become a threat to Kamkura (14th century)
-“ “ led a rebellion that overthrew them (1333 CE)
-warriors gradually became scholars and bureaucrats under bush idk (code of chivalry) and principles of neo-Confucianism
-under Meji Restoration of 1868, emperor received power; samurai class lost special privileges

29
Q

What was the Thirty Years’ War?

A

-between 1618 and 1648
-European powers fought a series of wars for religious, dynastic, commercial, and territorial rivalries reasons
-ended with Treaty of Westphalia in 1648
-changed boundaries of most European countries

30
Q

The Napoleonic Era

A

-on December 25, 1799, a new government and constitution concentrated supreme power in the hands of Napoleon
-French-ruled peoples viewed Napoleon as a tyrant who repressed and exploited them for France’s glory and advantage
-enlightened reformers believed he betrayed the ideals of the Revolution
-downfall resulted from inability to conquer England, economic distress caused but the Continental System (boycott of British goods), Peninsular War with Spain, German War of Liberation, and invasion of Russia
-actual defeat of Napoleon = Battle of Waterloo 1815

31
Q

What is Marxism?

A

-aka scientific socialism created by Karl Marx (German Scholar)
-intended to replace utopian hopes and dreams with a militant blueprint for socialist working-class success
-had 4 key propositions:
1. economic factors determine all human history (who controls the means of production and distribution);
2. belief that there has always been a class struggle between rich and poor;
3. theory of surplus value (true value of product is labor. works receive small portion of value and the difference is surplus value “stolen” from workers by capitalists);
4. socialism is inevitable because capitalism contains the seeds of its own destruction (rich grow richer and poor grow poorer until the gap is too great that a revolution starts to overthrow the rich). creation of a classless society

32
Q

What is geography?

A

-study of spatial distribution
-stresses analyzing info based on distribution, location, and interactions of diff humans and physical features of Earth

33
Q

What are the two main areas of geography?

A

-physical geography: explores natural process of Earth
-human geography: explores impact of people on physical world (e.g., how humans alter their environments)

34
Q

What are cardinal directions?

A

north, south, east, and west

35
Q

What is absolute location?

A

describes a location identifiable by specific geographic coordinates (e.g., longitude and latitude and addresses)

36
Q

What is relative location?

A

describes where a place is situated in relation to another place(s) (e.g., Illinois is located in the Midwest)

37
Q

What are political features?

A

towns/cities, country, state, national borders or significant bodies of water

38
Q

Where can tropical rainforests be found?

A

in the equatorial lowlands in Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Amazon basin

39
Q

What are the best known deserts in the world?

A

Sahara Desert, the Australian Outback, and the Arabian Desert

FTCE Elementary Ed (3 decks)

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