Social Reproducive And Social Democratic Approach

Question 1

According to Bourdieu, what are the four capitals?

Answer 1

1. Economic
2. Social
3. Cultural
4. Symbolic

Question 2

What is economic capital?

Answer 2

The more money, the more power
—> better education

Question 3

What is social capital?

Answer 3

Network of friends, family and acquaintances
—> more likely to have higher success

Question 4

What is symbolic capital?

Answer 4

Honour, prestige, reputation
—> boost social chances, raise expectations

Question 5

What is cultural capital?

Answer 5

Manners, taste, interests, language
—> more likely to succeed in education system (built by and for middle classes)

Question 6

According to Bourdieu, what is the main role of education?

Answer 6

Reproduction of social inequality and reproduction of power and privilege of dominant class

Question 7

According to Bourdieu, how is social reproduction achieved?

Answer 7

Through the capitals

Question 8

According to Bourdieu, what does a higher amount of capital lead to?

Answer 8

A higher position in the class system

Question 9

Which is the most important capital and why?

Answer 9

Cultural: it legitimises social reproduction and helps to educational success

Question 10

Positive evaluation of Bourdieu

Answer 10

His views are highly influential, they inspired research past and present

Question 11

Negative evaluation of Bourdieu

Answer 11

1. Presented overly rigid picture of society, little room for creativity or resistance
2. Marxists: neglects economy, too much emphasis on cultural capital and not on economic oppression
3. Description of cultural capital lacks precision and detail

Question 12

What are the three fundamental values of social democracy?

Answer 12

1. Freedom
2. Justice (everyone is equal in the eyes of the law)
3. Solidarity

Question 13

What is social democracy also based on? How is that transmitted?

Answer 13

1. Negative civil rights/liberties: protective rights
2. Positive civil rights/liberties: freedom to live out rights
   —> education

Question 14

What did the political ideology help with?

Answer 14

Developing western democracies

Question 15

According to social democracy, what can inequalities in society do?

Answer 15

1. Prevent equality of opportunity
2. Reduce the effectiveness of education on promoting economic growth

Question 16

What does social democracy say about equality of opportunity?

Answer 16

1. Free market economy prevents it
2. Class system is in the way
3. Social democrats believe in meritocracy
   —> equality of opportunity essential for meritocracy
4. Comprehensive schools as the answer

Question 17

What does social democracy say about economic growth?

Answer 17

1. Education has a major role in economic growth
2. Education is a crucial type of investment for the exploitation of modern technology
   —> education should have closer links with the economy
   —> decline of manual workers and rise in demand for professional and managerial workers
3. Equality of opportunity + education system = potential for everyone to maximise contribution to economy = greater contribution to economic growth

Question 18

Positive evaluation of social democracy

Answer 18

According to SD, we need to abolish the education system or the class system in order to move towards equality

Question 19

Negative evaluation of social democracy

Answer 19

Too much emphasis on changing the education system
—> changes in the last 60 years have had very little influence on improving the situation
Therefore: new angles needed