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PS1509 Aberdeen > Social Psychology (Incomplete) > Flashcards

Social Psychology (Incomplete) Flashcards

1
Q

Lewin’s equation.

A

B = f (P,E)

behaviour, function, person, environment.

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2
Q

Definition of social psychology.

A

How behaviour, cognition and emotion of individual humans are influenced by other humans.

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3
Q

Social psychology methods of research.

A

Observational, qualitative, correlational, empirical.

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4
Q

How do we behave when our self-awareness is raised?

A

We behave better.

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5
Q

How do we behave when our self-awareness is lowered?

A

We become less obsessed with presenting ourselves.

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6
Q

3 types of self-knowledge, together your self-concept.

A

Biographical information, personal information, subjective information.

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7
Q

Examples of biographical information.

A

Gender, age, nationality.

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8
Q

Examples of personal information.

A

Physicality, personality, personal preferences.

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9
Q

Example of subjective information.

A

Memories.

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10
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

The value we put on ourselves and specific abilities we have.

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11
Q

What does our behaviour lead to?

A

Self-perception.

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12
Q

What do the reaction of others lead to in us?

A

Self-esteem.

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13
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

Mixed emotions coming out of conflicting beliefs.

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14
Q

What is social comparison theory?

A

People compare themselves against other depending on what they think of those people.

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15
Q

Protecting self-esteem via?

A

Escape, self-serving bias

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16
Q

Self-serving bias.

A

You attribute success to yourself but failure to others.

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17
Q

Robber’s Cave Study.

A

Conflict arises between any two groups that have to compete for resources.

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18
Q

Differences between in-group and out-group.

A

People feel similar to the in-group they are in but dissimilar to the out-group.

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19
Q

Levels of abstraction.

A

Superordinate, intermediate, subordinate.

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20
Q

Superordinate.

A

Global membership, humanity.

21
Q

intermediate.

A

Group membership, social identity.

22
Q

Subordinate.

A

Personal characteristics, me.

23
Q

Social cognition.

A

How we represent information about other people.

24
Q

A cognitive model. Three stages.

A

Stimulus perception, Information processing, response production.

25
Q

Dual-process model.

A

Two modes of person perception. Individuation & categorisation.

26
Q

Individuation.

A

Person perception based on individual characteristics.

27
Q

Categorisation.

A

Person perception based on group membership.

28
Q

Stereotype.

A

Assigning identical characteristics to any person in a group based on their membership of that group. Based on knowledge, not beliefs or opinions.

29
Q

Prejudice.

A

A hostile or negative attitude towards a distinguishable group based on generalisations derived from faulty or incomplete information. Based on stereotypes, beliefs and opinions.

30
Q

The causes of prejudice:

A

Negative presentation in media, attribution errors, scapegoat theory.

31
Q

Reducing prejudice:

A

Contact hypothesis, superordinate goals, jigsaw classroom.

32
Q

Contact hypothesis:

A

People in integrated housing were far less racist than people in segregated housing.

33
Q

Contact hypothesis:

A

People in integrated housing were far less racist than people in segregated housing.

34
Q

Positive & negative reinforcement and punishment:

A

The adding or subtracting of rewards.

35
Q

Observational learning:

A

Observing others’ behaviour.

36
Q

Theory of social learning:

A

Attention, Retention, Motivation, Reproduction.

37
Q

Define aggression:

A

Physical or psychological harm, an intentional act.

38
Q

Hostile aggression:

A

Hotter, emotional aggression.

39
Q

Instrumental aggression:

A

Colder, less emotional aggression.

40
Q

Hormones/chemicals causing aggression:

A

Testosterone, alcohol.

41
Q

Physiological factors for aggression:

A

Pain, discomfort.

42
Q

Emotional factors for aggression:

A

Rejection, frustration.

43
Q

Learned factors:

A

Coercive cycle.

44
Q

The Nuremberg Principle

A

A person isn’t relieved from responsibility under international law just because he obeyed a superior or a government.

45
Q

Outcome of The Stanford Prison Experiment:

A

That in Lewin’s equation the person is not as important as the environment.

46
Q

What is conformity:

A

Thoughts and behaviours that correspond to the thoughts and behaviours of others. It is not obedience.

47
Q

Internalization:

A

When people accept a belief or behaviour both publivly and privately.

48
Q

Identification:

A

When people are influenced by someone who is liked and respected, such as a famous celebrity.

49
Q

Compliance:

A

When people appear to agree with others but actually keep their dissenting opinions private.

PS1509 Aberdeen (4 decks)

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