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PS1509 Aberdeen > Emotion > Flashcards

Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Someone without emotions:

A

Cannot sense importance, cannot judge value, can’t properly make decisions. Not rational, not clear-headed.

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2
Q

Emotion:

A

Clear object or target: Angry or happy about something or someone. Relatively short-lived and often intense. Facial expressions last 0.5s-4s. Response to an external stimulus. Relevant to personal goals: long- or short-term.

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3
Q

Mood:

A

An emotional state that can last for hours, days, weeks. Can be low intensity. Vague. When a mood begins and ends is hard to tell. Objectless, free-floating.

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4
Q

Feelings:

A

Subjective representation of emotions. Only you know how it feels to experience your own emotions. Internalised.

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5
Q

Affect.

A

Often used to describe emotion, mood and feelings together.

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6
Q

Intrapersonal functions of emotions:

A

Rapid information processing system: minimal conscious awareness, minimal thought. Prepares body for immediate action (aka drive).

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7
Q

Brain-body connections:

A

Brain gathers information from the environment and the body’s current state. Maximise survival.
AROUSAL system: bodily state.
LIMBIC system: brain activity.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS: regulate emotions.
Emotions simultaneously activate and deactivate certain systems.

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8
Q

What can emotions do?

A

They influence immediate thoughts and future behaviours. They can simultaneously activate and deactivate certain systems.

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9
Q

Motivators:

A

Belonging/Rejection, Achievement/Failure. Emotions are connected to thoughts and memories.

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10
Q

Interpersonal functions of emotions:

A

Facial, vocal, bodily expression. Social referencing.

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11
Q

Prosody:

A

Tone of voice.

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12
Q

What did Charles Darwin say about emotions?

A

They serve a purpose.

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13
Q

Two theories of emotions classification:

A

Discrete and dimensional.

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14
Q

Discrete emotion categories:

A

Anger, disgust, happiness, fear, sadness and surprise.

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15
Q

Facial Action Coding System (FACS):

A

Systematically categorises movement of facial msucles that produce emotional expressions.

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16
Q

Action Units (AU’s):

A

Contraction or relaxation of one or more muscles. Independent of interpretation.

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17
Q

Disgust:

A

Revulsion, offensive, motivation to stay away. Implicit, innate reaction, rapid and visceral response. Also the violation of social norms or etiquette, moral disgust, contempt.

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18
Q

Anger:

A

Increased arousal, similar to fear. Rage, aggression. Expression of hostility. Can lead to disappointment. Passive versus active. Plays a key role in social groups.

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19
Q

Fear:

A

Rapid and fairly brief response to an external stimulus. Motivates readiness for action/avoidance. Seen in the eyes… we are sensitive to the whites of the eyes.

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20
Q

Joy:

A

Pleasure, reward. Anticipating or achieving something good. The only positive emotion in the Discrete list. Associated with smiling, although not uniquely. Joy = short-lasting, happiness = longer-lasting.

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21
Q

Sadness:

A

Seems to extend beyond a strict definition of an emotion. Defined as an emotion that results from loss. No control over loss, hopelessness, helplessness, irreversible. Hard to find unique features of sadness.

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22
Q

Surprise:

A

Tricky to categorise. Can be positive or negative. Facially similar to fear. Reaction to novelty: Interrupt from one path of behaviour and focus attention on something new and significant.

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23
Q

Dimensional models of emotion:

A

Takes into account the intensity and positivity of emotions.

24
Q

Circumplex model:

A

Intensity versus valence, includes secondary emotions, cognitively more complex, harder to link specific facial expression to these.

25
Q

Social Construction Models:

A

Emotional expressions are learned, no biological basis, experience and context.

26
Q

Universality Theory:

A

Congenitally blind people can produce all the basic facial expressions, though not always recognisable.

27
Q

Emotion displays:

A

Culture- specific: How, when and where should be expressed, according to custom and culture.

28
Q

Why does culture exist?

A

To maintain social order to ensure group efficiency and ultimately survival.

29
Q

Cultural differences between east and west:

A

Japan: tendency to hide emotions, smile used to hide anger. East is collectivist, west is individualist. Eastern culture: concerned with others, Western culture: concerned with self.

30
Q

Arousal:

A

A state of physical and mental alertness.

31
Q

Role of arousal:

A

Consciousness, attention, information processing, motivation, emotion.

32
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law:

A

Relationship between arousal and task performance. Too much or too little impairs performance. All about balance.

33
Q

PANAS:

A

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.

34
Q

Ways to measure objective emotion in the self:

A

Galvanic skin response (GSR), heart rate, blood pressure, Facial Electromyography (EMG).

35
Q

Affective Neuroscience:

A

How brain structures and chemicals create emotional responses and how emotional information is processed.

36
Q

Techniques of affective neuroscience:

A

EEG and fMRI.

37
Q

4 Major neurotransmitters:

A

Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin.

38
Q

Are EEG and fMRI good to use?

A

EEG can be somewhat limited for emotional research, measures electrical activity on the surface of the brain (cortex). fMRI is good for measuring subcortical activity-Can ‘access’ deep brain structures involved in emotion in addition to cortical activity.

39
Q

EEG and Emotion:

A

Looks at circuits/networks. More for connectivity.

40
Q

fMRI and Emotion:

A

Looks at activation of networks over the whole brain.

41
Q

The limbic system consists of:

A

Thalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala.

42
Q

Different emotional systems of the brain:

A

Reward, Liking, Anger, Fear, Love, Grief.

43
Q

The Reward System:

A

Hypothalamus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex.

Linked to dopamine circuit. Sensitive to amphetamines.

44
Q

The Liking System:

A

Different from reward, different from ‘wanting’ something. Nucleus accumbens, Orbitofrontal Cortex.
Sensitive to opioids and endocannabinoids (the body’s own cannabinoid system: appetite, mood, memory) Distinction between desire and enjoyment.

45
Q

Anger/Rage System:

A

Approach and attack emotion.
Amygdala, hypothalamus, left frontal cortex.
Linked to appetite circuits so lack of reward can provoke rage.

46
Q

Fear System + 2 kinds of processing:

A

Amygdala.
Regular processing: Eye to thalamus to visual cortex to amygdala. Accurate but slow processing.
Shortcut! = Eye to thalamus straight to Amygdala. Can react subconsciously (fast but less accurate)

47
Q

Amygdala:

A 
Memory and attention.
Emotional alarm system.
Connects to facial muscles.
Greater amygdala activity during an emotional event enhances later memory.
Social processing.
Threat/fear.
48
Q

What are the traditional and modern views of Emotional Intelligence?

A

Traditional: Emotion and cognition are separate.
Modern: Emotion and cognition are interrelated.

49
Q

Three skills of Emotional Intelligence:

A
  1. Emotional awareness
  2. Ability to harness emotions
  3. Ability to manage emotions
50
Q

Goleman’s model (3 parts) of EI:

A
  1. Emotional skills
  2. Personality
  3. Cognitive intelligence
51
Q

Ability model of EI:

A
  • A set perceived abilities and skills
  • Can develop with age and experience
  • Does not involve personality traits
    1. Perceiving emotions: Identify emotions in yourself and others.
    2. Using emotions to facilitate thinking: some emotional states are useful in a certain context.
    3. Understanding emotions: differentiate between emotional states.
    4. Managing emotions: recognize the value and appropriateness of feeling a certain way in certain situations.
  • Demonstrate the 4 skills using emotional intelligence.
52
Q

4 characteristics of the Bar-On Model:

A
  1. Intrapersonal skills
  2. Interpersonal skills
  3. Stress management
  4. Adaptability
53
Q

What does the trait/mixed model involve that the ability model does not?

A

Personality traits.

54
Q

Measurement of the trait/mixed model:

A

Easy to self-report, but inaccurate judgment of personal ability and skill.

55
Q

EI versus IQ:

A

Journalistic claims too bold, but harnessed in many settings.

56
Q

Alexithymia:

A

Subclinical inability to identify and describe emotions in the self and others.

PS1509 Aberdeen (4 decks)

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